Genetics of Bacteria Chapter 8 Part 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Genetics of Bacteria Chapter 8 Part 2

Acquisition of additional DNA  ♀♂

Transformation is 2nd of the three ways bacteria acquire DNA 1 3

Transformation in Bacteria First need competent bacteria with receptor sites Swap!

Naturally Competent Bacteria About 1% of bacterial species capable of taking up DNA under lab conditions. These species have genes that protein machinery to bring DNA across membrane. Artificial Competence: 45 C Heat-shock and high calcium can induce transformation

Transformation in Bacteria First need competent bacteria with receptor sites Swap!

2 1 3 Transduction is 3rd of the three ways bacteria acquire DNA Transduction is Virus-Mediated Bacterial DNA Transfer 2 1 3

Phages Protein

Phages Attacking Bacteria

Phages Bacterial Transcription and Translation machinery is used by Viral DNA

Plaque Assay – How To Measure Response Concentrated Phages Super Dilute

3 – Transduction – two different autotrophic strains

Lederberg-Zinder experiment P-22 Phages Do no disrupt LA-22 bacteria

Lederberg-Zinder experiment P-22 Phages small enough to pass thru Filter, infect LA-2 and Incorporate LA-2 DNA

Lederberg-Zinder experiment P-22 Phages incorporate LA-2 DNA then cross back and pass DNA to LA-22

Transduction (Virus-Mediated Bacterial DNA Transfer) tells us about gene proximity due to small fragments moved by the viruses.

Quorum sensing bacteria http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/bonnie-bassler.html

quorum sensing – a molecular communication system Bacterial cells use quorum sensing to count themselves, determine when they have reached an optimal density, and adjust their behavior synchronously For example, when virulent bacteria invade a host organism, they wait until their numbers exceed a critical mass before secreting toxins. Timing is key. If bacteria release these toxins too soon, they risk getting wiped out by the host immune system.

quorum sensing – a molecular communication system Bacterial cells use quorum sensing to count themselves, determine when they have reached an optimal density, and adjust their behavior synchronously Signaling molecules

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