objetos directos NBI

EQ’s How do I use direct object pronouns to reduce redundancy and improve fluency in Spanish? How does the use of direct object pronouns in Spanish compare/contrast to their use in English?

En Inglés…….

So just like English…. Basic sentences require a subject and a verb. Some verbs require an object for the meaning to be complete. The subject completes the action and the direct object receives the action. Typical word order is subject - verb - direct object (direct object may be a pronoun, noun or a noun with modifiers) Direct objects usually answer the question “who” or “what” as far as the action of the verb.

However…..In Spanish… The subject may not be expressed in the sentence (yo, tú, nosotros are usually implied by the conjugated verb). It is possible to have a complete sentence that consists simply of a conjugated verb. Word order changes when a pronoun is substituted for the direct object it refers to.

I have the scarf. The subject here is I. I is the person performing the action. But what receives the action? ________________. The same goes in Spanish as well: Tengo la bufanda. Yo is the subject (implied by the verb form), and la bufanda is the direct object.

In both English and Spanish, when a sentence uses a direct object that is already understood, we can replace it with a _____________________. For example: Do you have the scarf? Yes, I have it. The word __________ replaces the word ______________. It is a ________________________. In English these are always placed _______________ the verb, but in Spanish, that’s not usually the case.

¿Tienes la bufanda? Sí, la tengo. Which word replaced la bufanda? ____________. Let’s look again. ¿Tienes el impermeable? Sí, lo tengo. Which word replaced el impermeable? ___________. In this context, la and lo both essentially mean __________; la being feminine and lo being masculine. And as you can see, they are both placed ____________ the verb.

Pronombres de objetos directos Direct object pronoun Refers to…. (subject pronoun) meyo tetú loél, usted laella, usted (f) nosnosotros, nosotras osvosotros, vosotras losellos, ustedes lasellas, ustedes (f)

Translation – writing sentences The key to both translating and writing sentences is to go step by step and remember proper word order in Spanish.

Sentences with a Direct object phrase Sentences with a Direct object phrase (nouns, articles and adjectives) will be in the following word order: Subject – predicate– direct object. Ex: Yo llevo una chaqueta café. subject conjugated verb direct object phrase.

Another example Subject – predicate– direct object. Ex: Mateo quiere comprar un bate nuevo. subject predicate direct object phrase. with two verbs

Sentences with a direct object pronoun. When your verb/predicate is simply a conjugated verb the word order in Spanish is always different from English. Subject –direct object pronoun– predicate. Ex: Mi padre me ama. subject direct object pronoun conjugated verb.

HOWEVER When your predicate is verb phrase using a conjugated verb and an infinitive or a present participle there are 2 possible orders for the parts of the sentence. 1. Subject –direct object pronoun– predicate. Ex: Sra. Castro te necesita hablar subject direct object pronoun conjugated verb and infinitive.

and 2. Subject – predicate– attached direct object pronoun. Ex: Tomás quiere hablarte. subject double verb verb attached direct object pronoun. Ex 2: Marcos quiere comprarlos. conjugated verb and infinitive

Try these translations 1. My brother takes me to the store. Mi hermano me lleva a la tienda. 2. You have the computer. Tú tienes la computadora. 3. Gabriela watches the video. Gabriela mira el video. 4. We wear jackets when it is cold. Nosotros llevamos chaquetas cuando hace frío.

Now try these with pronouns 1. I need a book and I am going to look for it in the library. Yo necesito un libro y voy a buscarlo en la biblioteca. Yo necesito un libro y lo voy a buscar en la biblioteca. 2. Felipe needs a calculator and his mom plans to buy it. Felipe necesita una calculadora y su madre piensa comprarla. Felipe necesita una calculadora y su madre la piensa comprar.

How can we use this to answer questions? When we answer questions in Spanish, we want to replace direct objects with pronouns wherever possible. This makes our speech more natural and less repetitive repetitive. While it is something that we do in English without much thought, it is not so simple in Spanish.

Interrogativos Interrogtivos are the question words in English – who, what, when, etc. SpanishEnglish QuéWhat CómoHow QuiénWho CuándoWhen Cuánto/aHow much Cuántos/asHow many DóndeWhere Por quéWhy Para quéWhat for/For what

Some of the interrogativos can be the subject of the question 1. Subject –direct object pronoun– predicate. Ex: ¿Quién me necesita hablar? subject direct object pronoun conjugated verb and infinitive.

Other times the interrogative can be all or part of the direct object phrase. direct object phrase–(Subject) – predicate ¿ Cuántos libros piensas comprar? In this example, cuántos libros makes up the direct object phrase. The subject is implied by the conjugation of the verb - Tú

So knowing all of this….. 1.The answer to a question is always a statement, so the words will go in the order of a regular sentence. 2.Before we answer a question we must understand what the subject and the direct object are. 3.Then, we have to decide if it makes sense to replace the direct object with a pronoun.

¿Quién tiene mi libro? 2. Subject is Quién – D.O. is mi libro 3. Does it makes sense to answer this question “I have it?” – yes Libro is masculine and singular - LO 1.The answer to a question is always a statement, so the words will go in the order of a regular sentence. 2.Before we answer a question we must understand what the subject and the direct object are. 3.Then, we have to decide if it makes sense to replace the direct object with a pronoun. If so, which one? Yo lo tengo.

¿ A qué deporte juega tu madre? 1.The answer to a question is always a statement, so the words will go in the order of a regular sentence. 2.Before we answer a question we must understand what the subject and the direct object are. 3.Then, we have to decide if it makes sense to replace the direct object with a pronoun. If so, which one? 2. Subject is tu madre– D.O. is qué deporte 3. Does it makes sense to answer this question “my mom plays it?” – no No Direct object pronoun is used – a noun will be used Ella juega al tenis.

This works the same if the question has no interrogative words. ¿Juega fútbol tu padre ? – Sí, lo juega. ¿Piensas estudiar matemáticas en la universidad? – No. No las pienso estudiar. Or – No. Pienso estudiar ciencias naturales.

Try answering these questions 1.¿Quién en tu familia juega al beisbol? 1.Yo lo juego. 2.¿Qué compras en la tienda Walmart? 1.Compro dvd y otras cosas. 3.¿Llevas una chaqueta cuando hace calor? 1.No. No la llevo cuando hace calor. 2.No. La llevo cuando hace frío. 4.¿ Por qué buscas el libro? 1.Lo necesito. 2.Lo pienso leer en la tarde.