ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE APPROACH - TOGAF 9 - Prashant Patade (Enterprise Architect) S trategic P rojects and C ore T echnology G roup - IT

Agenda  Introduction to IT Architecture  The Open Group Architecture Framework - TOGAF©  Core Concepts  Introduction to Phases of ADM  Enterprise Continuum  Governance  Reference Model – TRM / IIIRM  Content Framework  Wrap up

INTRODUCTION TO IT ARCHITECTURE What is IT Architecture? Why Do We Need It? What Are the Specific Business Benefits?

What is IT Architecture?  Is the technical foundation of an effective IT strategy core of any successful modern business strategy.  A technology plan for managing your IT Investment which  defines the components of overall information system  provides a plan from to procure / develop systems that will work together  enables you to manage your IT investment in a way that meets the needs of your business. Slide 1 of 7

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competitive advantage through IT management and exploitation of information through IT is the key to business success provides a strategic context for the evolution of the IT system in response to the constantly changing needs of the business environment Critical to business survival and success Balance between IT efficiency and business innovation It enables managed innovation within the enterprise Individual business units can innovate safely in their pursuit of competitive advantage the needs of the organization for an integrated IT strategy are assured, permitting the closest possible synergy across the extended enterprise Enables managed innovation within the enterprise Why Do We Need It? Slide 3 of 7

What Are the Specific Business Benefits? Slide 4 of 7 Lower software development, support, and maintenance costs More application portability Improved interoperability and easier system and network management A better ability to address critical enterprise-wide issues like security Easier upgrade and exchange of system components A more efficient IT operation Faster time-to-market for new products and services, leading to: Increased growth and profitability Faster time-to-market Contd…

Reduced complexity in IT infrastructure Maximum return on investment in existing IT infrastructure The flexibility to make, buy, or out-source IT solutions Reduced risk overall in new investment, and the costs of IT ownership Better return on existing investment, reduced risk for future investment Buying decisions are simpler, because the information governing procurement is readily available in a coherent plan. The procurement process is faster - maximizing procurement speed and flexibility without sacrificing architectural coherence. Faster, simpler, and cheaper procurement Slide 5 of 7

Slide 6 of 7 Maximum flexibility for business growth and restructuring Real savings when re-engineering business processes following internal consolidations, mergers, and acquisitions Flexibility for business growth and restructuring

In short, an effective IT architecture can make the difference between business success and failure. By investing in IT architecture, you are investing in: Business success Independence from suppliers Control over your own destiny Slide 7 of 7

Agenda Introduction to IT Architecture  The Open Group Architecture Framework - TOGAF©  Core Concepts  Introduction to Phases of ADM  Enterprise Continuum  Governance  Reference Model – TRM / IIIRM  Content Framework  Wrap up

THE OPEN GROUP ARCHITECTURE FRAMEWORK - TOGAF©

Top Four Enterprise-Architecture Methodologies The Zachman Framework The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) Gartner Slide 1 of 6 A Comparison of the Top Four Enterprise-Architecture Methodologies – Roger Sessions

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Slide 3 of 6 What Is TOGAF? The Business Executive's Guide to IT Architecture, TOGAF is an architectural framework - The Open Group Architectural Framework. It is a valuable tool for developing a broad range of different IT architectures. Most importantly, it enables you to design, evaluate, and build the right architecture for your organization. The key to TOGAF is a reliable, proven method - the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) - for developing an IT architecture that meets the needs of your business The Open Group Architecture Framework, TOGAF is a high level and holistic approach to design, which is typically modeled at four levels: Business, Application, Data, and Technology. It tries to give a well-tested overall starting model to information architects, which can then be built upon. It relies heavily on modularization, standardization and already existing, proven technologies and products

Structure of the TOGAF Document PART I (Introduction) provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts PART II (Architecture Development Method) step-by-step approach to developing an enterprise architecture. PART III (ADM Guidelines and Techniques) collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying TOGAF and the TOGAF ADM. PART IV (Architecture Content Framework) a structured metamodel for architectural artifacts. Contd… Slide 4 of 6

PART V (Enterprise Continuum & Tools) provides appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture. PART VI (TOGAF Reference Models) provides a selection of architectural reference models. PART VII (Architecture Capability Framework) discusses the organization, processes, skills, roles, and responsibilities. Slide 5 of 6

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Agenda Introduction to IT Architecture The Open Group Architecture Framework - TOGAF©  Core Concepts  Introduction to Phases of ADM  Enterprise Continuum  Governance  Reference Model – TRM / IIIRM  Content Framework  Wrap up

CORE CONCEPTS

Deliverables, Artifacts, and Building Blocks Slide 1 of 4 Deliverable contractually specified, formally reviewed, agreed, and signed off by the stakeholders represent the output of projects Artifact describes an aspect of the architecture generally classified as catalogs, matrices, and diagrams Building Block (potentially re-usable) component of business, IT, or architectural capability can be combined with other building blocks to deliver architectures and solutions

Building blocks can relate to "architectures" or "solutions“, Architecture Building Blocks (ABBs) typically describe required capability and shape the specification of Solution Building Blocks (SBBs). For example, a customer services capability may be required within an enterprise, supported by many SBBs, such as processes, data, and application software. Solution Building Blocks (SBBs) represent components that will be used to implement the required capability. For example, a network is a building block that can be described through complementary artifacts and then put to use to realize solutions for the enterprise. Slide 2 of 4

relationships between deliverables, artifacts, and building blocks Slide 3 of 4

Deliverable Example: Architecture Definition Document Slide 4 of 4

Agenda Introduction to IT Architecture The Open Group Architecture Framework – TOGAF© Core Concepts  Introduction to Phases of ADM  Enterprise Continuum  Governance  Reference Model – TRM / IIIRM  Content Framework  Wrap up

ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT METHOD

Architecture Development Method  tested and repeatable process for developing architectures  includes establishing an architecture framework, developing architecture content, transitioning, and governing the realization of architectures “All of these activities are carried out within an iterative cycle of continuous architecture definition and realization that allows organizations to transform their enterprises in a controlled manner in response to business goals and opportunities.” Slide 1 of 5

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The Preliminary Phase describes the preparation and initiation activities required to create an Architecture Capability including customization of TOGAF and definition of Architecture Principles. Phase A: Architecture Vision describes the initial phase of an architecture development cycle. Defines the scope of the architecture development initiative, identifying the stakeholders, creating the Architecture Vision, and obtaining approval to proceed with the architecture development. Phase B: Business Architecture describes the development of a Business Architecture to support the agreed Architecture Vision. Phases of ADM Slide 3 of 5

Phase C: Information Systems Architectures describes the development of Information Systems Architectures to support the agreed Architecture Vision. Phase D: Technology Architecture describes the development of the Technology Architecture to support the agreed Architecture Vision. Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions conducts initial implementation planning and the identification of delivery vehicles for the architecture defined in the previous phases. Phase F: Migration Planning addresses how to move from the Baseline to the Target Architectures by finalizing a detailed Implementation and Migration Plan. Slide 4 of 5

Phase G: Implementation Governance provides an architectural oversight of the implementation. Phase H: Architecture Change Management establishes procedures for managing change to the new architecture. Requirements Management examines the process of managing architecture requirements throughout the ADM. Slide 5 of 5

Agenda Introduction to IT Architecture The Open Group Architecture Framework – TOGAF© Core Concepts Introduction to Phases of ADM  Enterprise Continuum  Governance  Reference Model – TRM / IIIRM  Content Framework  Wrap up

ENTERPRISE CONTINUUM

What is Enterprise Continuum? The Enterprise Continuum provides methods for classifying architecture and solution artifacts, both internal and external to the Architecture Repository, as they evolve from generic Foundation Architectures to Organization-Specific Architectures. The Enterprise Continuum enables the organization of re-usable architecture artifacts and solution assets to maximize the enterprise architecture investment opportunities. Slide 1 of 9

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Architecture Partitioning Slide 4 of 9 Architectures are partitioned because: Organizational unit architectures conflict with one another. Different teams need to work on different elements of architecture at the same time Effective architecture re-use requires modular architecture segments. “It is impractical to present a definitive partitioning model for architecture. Each enterprise needs to adopt a partitioning model that reflects its own operating model.”

Allocation of Teams to Architecture Scope Slide 5 of 9

Integration Creation of partitioned architectures runs the risk of producing a fragmented and disjointed collection of architectures that cannot be integrated to form an overall big picture In order to mitigate against this risk,  standards for content integration should be defined  architecture governance should address content integration - architectural compliance  Content frameworks, can be used to specify standard building blocks and artifacts that are the subject of content integration standards Slide 6 of 9

Architecture Content Aggregation Slide 7 of 9

Architecture Repository High level classes of architectural held within an Architecture Repository:  The Architecture Metamodel describes the organizationally tailored application of an architecture framework.  The Architecture Capability defines the parameters, structures, and processes for governance of the Architecture Repository.  The Architecture Landscape presents an architectural representation of assets in use.  The Standards Information Base captures the standards to which architecture must comply.  The Reference Library provides guidelines, templates, patterns, and other forms of reference material.  The Governance Log provides a record of governance activity across the enterprise. Slide 8 of 9

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Agenda Introduction to IT Architecture The Open Group Architecture Framework – TOGAF© Core Concepts Introduction to Phases of ADM Enterprise Continuum  Governance  Reference Model – TRM / IIIRM  Content Framework  Wrap up

ARCHITECTURE CAPABILITY FRAMEWORK - GOVERNANCE

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Architecture governance is the practice and orientation by which enterprise architectures and other architectures are managed and controlled at an enterprise-wide level. Architecture governance typically operate within a hierarchy of governance structures,  Corporate governance  Technology governance  IT governance  Architecture governance Slide 3 of 13

Characteristics of Governance Slide 4 of 13 Discipline All involved parties will have a commitment to adhere to procedures, processes, and authority structures established by the organization. Transparency All actions implemented and their decision support will be available for inspection by authorized organization and provider parties. Independence All processes, decision-making, and mechanisms used will be established so as to minimize or avoid potential conflicts of interest. Accountability Identifiable groups within the organization - e.g., governance boards who take actions or make decisions - are authorized and accountable for their actions. Responsibility Each contracted party is required to act responsibly to the organization and its stakeholders. Fairness All decisions taken, processes used, and their implementation will not be allowed to create unfair advantage to any one particular party.

Architecture Skills Framework A typical architecture team undertaking the development of an enterprise architecture as described in TOGAF would comprise the following roles:  Architecture Board Members  Architecture Sponsor  Architecture Manager  Architects for:  Enterprise Architecture (which for the purpose of the tables shown next slides can be considered as a superset of Business, Data, Application, and Technology Architecture)  Business Architecture  Data Architecture  Application Architecture  Technology Architecture  Program and/or Project Managers  IT Designer  And many others... Slide 5 of 13

Proficiency Levels Slide 6 of 13

Generic Skills Slide 7 of Expert3 - Knowledge2 - Awareness1- Background

Business Skills & Methods Slide 8 of Expert3 - Knowledge2 - Awareness1- Background

Enterprise Architecture Skills Slide 9 of Expert3 - Knowledge2 - Awareness1- Background

Program or Project Management Skills Slide 10 of Expert3 - Knowledge2 - Awareness1- Background

IT General Knowledge Skills Slide 11 of Expert3 - Knowledge2 - Awareness1- Background

Technical IT Skills Slide 12 of Expert3 - Knowledge2 - Awareness1- Background

Legal Environment Slide 13 of Expert3 - Knowledge2 - Awareness1- Background

Agenda Introduction to IT Architecture The Open Group Architecture Framework – TOGAF© Core Concepts Introduction to Phases of ADM Enterprise Continuum Governance  Reference Model – TRM / IIIRM  Content Framework  Wrap up

REFERENCE MODEL – TRM / IIIRM

TRM as Foundation Architecture Slide 1 of 11 which defines terminology, and provides a coherent description of the components and conceptual structure of an information system Taxonomy which provides a visual representation of the taxonomy, as an aid to understanding TRM Graphic

Technical Reference Model - High-Level View Slide 2 of 11

The high-level TRM seeks to emphasize two major common architectural objectives: Slide 3 of 11 via the Application Platform Interface Application Portability via the Communications Infrastructure Interface Interoperability

Detailed Technical Reference Model (Showing Service Categories) Slide 4 of 11

Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model Slide 5 of 11 which defines terminology, and provides a coherent description of the components and conceptual structure of an integrated information infrastructure Taxonomy which provides a visual representation of the taxonomy, and the inter- relationship of the components, as an aid to understanding III-RM Graphic

III-RM - Detailed Slide 6 of 11

An approach to Boundaryless Information Flow (Enterprise Portals) Slide 7 of 11

Liberate Data Silos to Meet Information Needs of Cross-Functional Enterprise Teams Slide 8 of 11

Information Provider Applications Liberate Data by Providing Open Interfaces to Data Silos Slide 9 of 11

Brokerage Applications Integrate Information from Information Provider Applications Slide 10 of 11

Information Consumer Applications Communicate using Open Interfaces Slide 11 of 11

Agenda Introduction to IT Architecture The Open Group Architecture Framework – TOGAF© Core Concepts Introduction to Phases of ADM Enterprise Continuum Governance Reference Model – TRM / IIIRM  Content Framework  Wrap up

CONTENT FRAMEWORK

Content Metamodel The content metamodel provides a definition of all the types of building blocks that may exist within an architecture, showing how these building blocks can be described and related to one another. For example, when creating an architecture, an architect will identify applications, "data entities" held within applications, and technologies that implement those applications. These applications will in turn support particular groups of business user or actor, and will be used to fulfil "business services". Slide 1 of 6

Content Metamodel Overview Slide 2 of 6

Core and Extension Content The role of TOGAF is to provide an open standard for architecture that is applicable in many scenarios and situations. In order to meet this vision, it is necessary to provide a fully featured enterprise architecture metamodel for content and also to provide the ability to avoid carrying out unnecessary activities by supporting tailoring. The metamodel must provide a basic model with the minimum feature set and then support the inclusion of optional extensions during engagement tailoring. Slide 3 of 6

TOGAF Content Metamodel and its Extensions Slide 4 of 6

Artifacts Associated with the Core Content Metamodel and Extensions Slide 5 of 6

Interactions between Metamodel, Building Blocks, Diagrams, and Stakeholders Slide 6 of 6

Agenda Introduction to IT Architecture The Open Group Architecture Framework – TOGAF© Core Concepts Introduction to Phases of ADM Enterprise Continuum Governance Reference Model – TRM / IIIRM Content Framework  Wrap up

WRAP UP

 TOGAF is not a tool but a framework to implement the Enterprise Architecture in an organization  It is divided into Content Framework, Architecture repository and ADM process  Implementation of TOGAF involves more of logical work of understanding business and align IT infrastructure & services according business needs (Actual physical implementation is done by app. Development team which in turn is managed by PMO)  TOGAF can be implemented along with other frameworks such as ITIL, COBIT, SOA etc.  It gives the complete picture of existing IT infrastructure and targeted architecture which aids in quick decision making and proper planning. Slide 1 of 2

Case Study: Important Sites: Slide 2 of 2

Agenda Introduction to IT Architecture The Open Group Architecture Framework – TOGAF© Core Concepts Introduction to Phases of ADM Enterprise Continuum Governance Reference Model – TRM / IIIRM Content Framework Wrap up

QUESTIONS? Thank You