IISME Fellowship Lockheed Martin Space Systems Summer 2010 SBIRS Space Based Infrared System GEO-1 satellite All pictures are from google

Any object that orbits another object. The moon is a satellite of Earth. The satellites that we send into space are called artificial satellites. What is a Satellite?

SBIRS Satellites Reconnaissance Satellites: Communication satellites used for government purposes. SBIRS features a mix of geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellites, payloads in highly elliptical earth orbit (HEO), and associated ground hardware and software. Sensors will cover short-wave infrared. The first GEO satellite is expected to launch in fiscal year 2011 around April.

Satellites In Orbit Satellites can get into orbit when the horizontal velocity (speed in  this direction  ) is fast enough to overcome gravity. The two main factors affecting orbit are Earth’s gravity and the horizontal speed of the object.

Geosynchronous Orbit How can object to stay in orbit ? As a satellite spins around the earth, its inertia -- a tendency to maintain direction and speed -- pushes the object off into space. This force is countered by the gravitational pull of the earth. The magnitudes of these forces depend upon the satellite's velocity and altitude. For a satellite with a given altitude, the object will fall to earth if it travels too slowly or fly off into space if it travels too fast. (From Nanopedia)

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit Distance from Earth 35,800 km 22,000 mi (Always directly over equator) Rotation s around Earth per day GEO travels at a speed to match Earth’s rotation allowing it to focus on one spot on earth all the time. Speed 1.91 mi/sec Credit:

SATELLITE AND SENSOR DESCRIPTION  SBIRS GEO spacecraft will be a stabilized platform with a scanning sensor and a staring sensor. Sensor pointing will be accomplished with pointing mirrors in front of the telescopes.  The staring sensor will be used for step-stare or dedicated stare operations over smaller geographic areas.  The GEO staring sensor has high agility to rapidly stare at one earth location and then move to other locations. Several areas can be monitored by the staring sensor with revisit times  SBIRS GEO and HEO sensor raw unprocessed data will be down- linked to the ground, so that the same radiometric scene observed in space will be available on the ground.

Basic Satellite Components

Power System Solar Energy: Huge solar arrays are used to capture energy from the sun.

The Math of Orbit  In geosynchronous orbit, the satellite remains "parked" at a spot is close to the equator.  The satellite must complete one revolution about the earth in 24 hours.  In order to complete this cycle while balancing gravitational and inertial forces, the satellite maintains an average altitude of about 22,245 miles while circling at 17,000 mph.

Satellites in Orbit There are over 900 satellites in orbit today. There are about 2200 tons of space junk orbiting around Earth at thousands of miles per hour. Picture of satellites in orbit now.

What are Metrics? Tom DeMarcoTom DeMarco stated, “You can’t control what you can't measure.” DeMarco, TomDeMarco, Tom. Controlling Software Projects: Management, Measurement and Estimation. It takes thousands of people working as a team to achieve a successful product for launch.

Lockheed Mentor: Theresa Ito, Technical Director Of SBIRS NASA tour –Arc Jet Complex Three phases of a space vehicle’s life: Paper is Perfect Hardware Humbles Software Saves Debbie Troxcell and AME S Research Center

Best Practice : Metric Development Process Lockheed Martin Electronics and Missiles Total Quality Management (TQM) and continuous improvement is a way to evaluate the work of non- production employees/teams in areas such as engineering, finance, human resources, and other support roles. The Metric Development Process (MDP) was designed to measure team-based efforts which  optimize quality  customer satisfaction  continuous improvement of performance..

The most important phase is Metric Refinement during which at least one measurement is identified for: quality customer satisfaction cost schedule productivity professional development process improvements lost time/overtime. These metrics are meaningful to the customer, drive the team to continuously improve, show trends and are clearly defined, are consistent, show a cause and effect relationship with the Mission Statement

Metrics Burn-Down Quality Notes chart Examples Flight Hardware Status QNOTES (Quality Notes) Status chart Example

Lockheed Skills Demonstrated: Team work is an essential skill needed to work at Lockheed or any corporation. Communication with all team members and managers is of utmost importance to ensure quality completion of a launch or project. Quality of work and documentation of problems and successes are key to the success of a project. Work Ethics, confidence, and dedication are foundational skills skills. Team WorkCommunicationQuality of work