Aim: How can we prevent malfunctions of the circulatory system?

Types of Problems Blood Blood Vessels Heart Diseases often present with other problems

Examples of Diseases of Blood Anemia (many types) Anemia (many types) Hemochromatosis Hemochromatosis Leukemia Leukemia Hemophilia Hemophilia Thrombocytosis Thrombocytosis o/benign_disorders/alpha_list.html lood.html

Anemia Caused by: excessive destruction of RBC (sickle cell & thalassemia), blood loss, or inadequate production of RBC. Caused by: excessive destruction of RBC (sickle cell & thalassemia), blood loss, or inadequate production of RBC. Individuals do not have enough RBC’s, hemoglobin, iron, or certain vitamin. Individuals do not have enough RBC’s, hemoglobin, iron, or certain vitamin. Blood cannot transport enough oxygen to cells. Blood cannot transport enough oxygen to cells.

Examples of Anemia Sickle Cell – RBC have ‘C’ shape. RBC die in 1-2 weeks, body can’t make fast enough. Sickle Cell – RBC have ‘C’ shape. RBC die in 1-2 weeks, body can’t make fast enough. Thalassemia – hemoglobin deficient Thalassemia – hemoglobin deficient Pernicious – Vitamin B12 deficient Pernicious – Vitamin B12 deficient Hemolytic – RBC destroyed by body Hemolytic – RBC destroyed by body Hemorrhagic – losing blood/injury Hemorrhagic – losing blood/injury

Leukemia Disease of bone marrow Disease of bone marrow Uncontrollable production of nonfunctional WBC’s. Uncontrollable production of nonfunctional WBC’s. A form of cancer. A form of cancer. TREATMENT: radiation or chemotherapy. TREATMENT: radiation or chemotherapy.

Cardiovascular Disease Disorders of the heart and the blood vessels. Types: Atherosclerosis High Blood Pressure Heart Disease

Blood Vessel Diseases Atherosclerosis aka Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis aka Arteriosclerosis Aneurysm Aneurysm Varicose Veins Varicose Veins th/dci/Browse/Heart.html

Atherosclerosis Disease of the Blood Vessels Arteries become narrow and inelastic because of cholesterol deposits. What do you think happens to blood flow through an Artery that looks like this? What happens to the tissues this artery is supposed to go to?

High Blood Pressure (hypertension) B.P. is higher than normal. CAUSES: stress, salt intake, heredity, smoking, age, weight, and diet? TREATMENT: change diet, medication, and exercise. What are the Dangers of High Blood Pressure?

Blood Pressure STHETHOSCOPE Measured with a STHETHOSCOPE and a SPHYGMOMANOMETER. Two Readings: Systolic: when the heart CONTRACTS Diastolic: when the heart is RELAXED BP= Systolic/diastolic Ex: 120/80 The amount of force exerted on the walls of the arteries.

Varicose Veins Valves in Veins to keep blood flowing in direction of heart Valves in Veins to keep blood flowing in direction of heart If these valves fail, where does the blood go? If these valves fail, where does the blood go? What body part shows most evidence of this problem? What body part shows most evidence of this problem?

Aneurysm or Stroke Aneurysm is a rupture or tear in an artery or arteriole’s wall. Aneurysm is a rupture or tear in an artery or arteriole’s wall. What do you think happens to the tissue this artery went to? What other problem does this create? What do you think happens to the tissue this artery went to? What other problem does this create? If the ruptured artery is in the brain, the problem is called a ‘stroke’ If the ruptured artery is in the brain, the problem is called a ‘stroke’

Stroke: Occurs when a blood clot forms in an artery going to the brain. This blocks the blood from reaching part of the brain. Kirby Puckett

Heart Disease Narrowing/blockage of coronary arteries. Cuts oxygen supply to the heart. Angina Pectoris: Chest pain due to reduced blood supply to the heart. Aka myocardial ischemia

Heart Attack - myocardial infarction Blood supply to the heart (coronary arteries) is cut off completely. If damage is severe = death TREATMENT: angioplasty, aspirin, medications, bypass surgery. Blocked Artery

Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease Cigarette Smoke Cigarette Smoke High blood cholesterol High blood cholesterol High blood pressure High blood pressure Physical inactivity Physical inactivity Obesity Obesity Diabetes Diabetes All of these things can be modified or controlled.

Statistics According to American heart & lung 2006 – 81,100,000 people in United States have some form of cardiovascular disease. -High Blood Pressure – 73,600,000 -Coronary heart disease – 17,600,000 -MI – 8,500,000 -Angina Pectoris – 10,200,000 -Stroke – 6,400,000 -Heart Failure – 5,800,000 art.org/presenter.jhtml?i dentifier=4478

Statistics 2005 High blood pressure 73,000,000, High blood pressure 73,000,000, Coronary heart dz – 16,000,000 Coronary heart dz – 16,000,000 MI – 8,100,000 MI – 8,100,000 AP – 9,100,000 AP – 9,100,000 Stroke – 5,800,000 Stroke – 5,800,000 From death rate from CVD decreased 24.7% From death rate from CVD decreased 24.7%

More Statistics 2010 Smoking: According to American Heart & Lung million men(23%) & 21.1 million women (18%) smoke (2010) Cholesterol: mg/dL is high risk borderline-high risk. -LDL = bad cholesterol, HDL = good cholesterol million Americans over age 20 have cholesterol over Of these, 35.7 million have total blood cholesterol levels over 240. High blood pressure About 74.5 million people in US have HBP 1 in 3 adults in US have HBP

CPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Because of the hearts location between the rigid vertebral column and rib cage, external pressure (compressions) on the chest can be used to force blood out of the heart and into circulation. You can even perform CPR on yourself ??????? Very forceful coughs??

This Artificial Heart must be connected to a power source outside the chest but has prolonged the period of time a patient can wait for a heart transplant.