2.1 Basic concept of data processing 2.2 Need for electronic data processing 2.3 Examples of electronic data processing 2.4 Effect of introducing computers in data processing system 2.5 Criteria for computerization

What is data? Data is a collection of facts represented in the form of numbers, letters or words What is information? Information is the processing data organized in a meaningful way which are useful to people who receive them. Data processing system? The process of converting data into useful information is known as data processing. The activities, equipment and personnel involved are known as data processing system. Go to Next Page! Back to Main Page!

This is the data processing flow chat! Data storage Data are sometimes not used immediately after input or after begin processed. So the the has to be stored! It can use in the future! This is Data storage flow chat! Go to Next Page! Back to Main Page!

Output as input Output result may be used as input, perhaps at a later data, for another process. Go to 2.1 First Page! Back to Main Page! Go to 2.1 Second Page!

Electronic data processing has several advantages over other ways of data processing.Computers operate faster, more accurately, more reliably and more economically. Understand computer help in data processing, let us consider some common features of data processing tasks. Characteristics of data processing tasks 1 Accurate records must always be maintained. 2 High speed processing is required. 3 Large volumes of records are handled. 4 Calculations are often routine and repetitious. 5 Must of the work is very tedious, for example, sorting and reaching. Go to Next Page! Back to Main Page!

How computers can help 1 Accuracy : Computers can produce very accurate results if the instructions and data are correct. 2 Speed : Computers can operate at great speed. This means that data are processed very efficiently. 3 Consistency: With the same data and same instructions, computers will produce the same result every time the process is repeated. 4 Storage capacity: Computers can store volumes of data. The data can be stored on various media and can be retrieved easily. 5 Automation: By following a series of instructions, computers can complete the whole process of a job without human intervention. Go to 2.2 First Page! Back to Main Page!

I get you some examples of electronic data processing Example Payroll System Go to Next Page! Back to Main Page!

Example Mailing list system Go to Next Page! Back to Main Page!

Example Stock control system Go to 2.3 First Page! Back to Main Page! Go to 2.3 Second Page! You can see the other one, see it later!

Advantages 1 ‘Time is money’. Computers allow tasks to be completed speedily. This gives direct financial benefit. 2 The number of staff employed for routine data collection and manipulation can be reduced. 3 An organization can be carefully controlled. An example is improved stock control. 4 Management can react to new information and new trends immediately. An example is the point-of-sale system. 5. Customer services can be improved due to efficient operation. An example is the point-of-sale system or the ticket buying. Back to Main Page! Go to Next Page!

Disadvantages 1 Extra cost is required to employ specialized staff to operate the computer and design the system. 2 Computers often change the working procedure. This may require staff to learn new skills of transfer jobs. Staff may find this unacceptable. 3 Equipment is expensive. Investment is needed for new equipment, office space and furniture. Go to 2.4 First Page! Back to Main Page!

When the advantages and disadvantages are balanced, it becomes clear that there is not always an advantage to computerization. Many manual data processing systems are so simple an effective that the expense of computerization is not justified. 1 What is the problem in the existing system? If a large amount of data needs to be handle, computerization is useful. 2 Can the problem be solved using a computer? Perhaps the problem would also occur with a computerized system. 3 Is it cost-effective? In the long term, computerization might cost more money. 3 Is the use of computers acceptable to the staff? Staff might not know how to use a computer. Or might not want to know! Back to Main Page!