THE PATH DEPENDENCE OF TORONTO'S MULTIMEDIA CLUSTER John Britton University of Toronto
What is path dependence? Toronto's Multimedia cluster: Origins: initial conditions, corporate clients Talent pool Spatial concentration Reality shock: clustering incentives intensified Conclusion
Path dependence? · Technology view: qwerty and all that (David 1985) · Geographic view: "places produce path dependence" (Martin 1999) · How is an industrial cluster a product of its local ‘ environment?' 1. learning : "trial, feedback and evaluation" 2. untraded interdependencies : circulation of tacit knowledge 3.Places evolve in terms of their institutional identity
Origins of Toronto's Multimedia Cluster Business segment: banks, advertising agencies Entertainment segment: cultural industries + policies film/television products antecedent firms and skills Talent pool Convergence of skills and technology Standardized platforms made learning-on-the job and imitation easier
Spatial concentration Downtown + growth labour churning flows of tacit knowledge Reality Shock Are clusters flexible? The ‘dot-com bust’ as a test case profile cluster characteristics: more collaboration, more subcontracting - Industry associations? Conclusions