1 Problems with teaching and learning programming Programming Syntax & Logic Problem Solving Skills Authenticity

2 Textbook: Structure of Content 1.Program Development Procedures Using Program Development Procedures Flow of Program Development Procedures 2.Introduction to Pascal Programming Basic Elements of a Pascal Program Basic Structure of a Pascal Program Basic Data Types in Pascal Using Program Development Tools 3.Constructing a Pascal Program Output Statements Input Statements Expressions Assignment Statements 4.Selection Control Structure If statements Case statements 5.Iteration Control Structures Conditional Iteration Statements Nested Iteration Statements Using Iteration Statements to Process Array 6.Subprogram 7.Manipulation of Text File 8.Data Structure 9.Common Algorithms

3 Output Statements writeln statements Write statements Formatting techniques Formatting field width Formatting a real value in decimal notation Input Statements Readln statements Inputting more than one item in one line Inputting with prompt Expressions Arithmetic expressions Logical expressions Order of procedure in expressions Assignment Statements Compatibility Re-assignment/ overwriting effect Tracing the values of variables trhoughout the program Textbook: Structure of Content

4 Reflection: Did you find any difficulty in adopting the content of textbooks? Are the content structure organized in a logical manner? Why? Does the content structure has any impacts on how you organize your teaching sequence?

5 Spiral Approach 1.Program Development Procedures 2.Introduction to Pascal Programming 3.I/O of Pascal Programming 4.Selection Control Structure 5.Iteration Control Structures 6.Subprogram 7.Manipulation of Text File 8.Data Structure 9.Common Algorithms 1’ ’ 4’ 5’ 6’ 1” 3” 4” 5”6” 8 7 9

6 Example: Building of a SARS Alert System Spiral Approach to Pascal Programming SET: Introduce web-based chat bot (demo) and highlight how computer can think like human being. (Stimulus/Response ~ Input/Output; firing an action when certain conditions are met, etc.)web-based chat bot (demo) Set up the goal for the coming series of lessons  building an ‘intelligent’ SARS Alert System Introduce the basic specifications for the systemIntroduce the basic specifications for the system Introduce the basic structure of a Pascal program Introduce IF-THEN statement Introduce Nested IF

7 Spiral Approach to Pascal Programming 7.Introduce Procedure 8.Revise the specifications 9.Introduce repetition: While-do 10.Revise the specifications 11.Recall IF-THEN; introduce IF-THEN-ELSE 12.Revise the specifications 13.Introduce Case statements 14.…………………………………… 15.…………………………………… Example: Building of a SARS Alert System

8 Using Pascal as a tool to develop web applications –Simple Bulletin Board –Building of an on-line banking system Other Examples:

9 Examples: Spiral Approach to Pascal Programming 7.Introduce Procedure 8.Revise the specifications 9.Introduce repetition: While-do 10.Revise the specifications 11.Recall IF-THEN; introduce IF-THEN-ELSE 12.Revise the specifications 13.Introduce Case statements 14.…………………………………… 15.……………………………………

10 Examples: Building of a SARS Alert System Examples:

11 Activity A teacher intends to adopt a spiral approach to teaching Pascal programming. He decides to ask his students to write a Pascal program to simulate an ATM machine. –Discuss how you would advice him to schedule his teaching sequence and formulate a scheme of work for the following lessons. Why? –Are there any potential pitfalls when adopting this approach?