Task Force for Measuring Sustainable Development (TFSD) Rutger Hoekstra/Jan Pieter Smits Chairmen and editors of the TFSD UNECE, Geneva, May 12th 2012 Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek

1.TFSD Mandate 2.Conceptual framework 3.Sustainable development indicators 4.Rio+20 Introduction Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek

Follow-up of Working Group for Statistics for Sustainable Development (WGSSD) Task Force for Measuring Sustainable Development (TFSD) –Joint task force of UNECE/Eurostat/OECD –Reports to the Conference of European Statisticians Time line –Start: September 2009 –Global consultations: February 2013 –Final report: June 2013 Mandate –Continue conceptual work (social and human capital) –Propose a set of Sustainable Development Indicators Philosophy –Not forcing one view of SD –Identifying areas of agreement/disagreement –Building an inclusive flexible framework TFSD Mandate Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek

History of measurement Main areas of agreement/disagreement An inclusive conceptual framework Conceptual framework Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek

System of National Accounts (SNA) –Development took centuries –Harmonisation took decades –GDP criticised for decades Pre Brundtland (<1987) –Economic composite indicators (e.g. SNI, GPI, ISEW) Post Brundtland (>1987) –Economic and non-economic composite indicators (e.g. HDI, Ecological footprint) –Indicators sets (e.g. UN, Eurostat) –Satellite accounts (e.g. SEEA) History Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek

Agreement –Definition: "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“ (Brundtland report) But: An enourmous array of methods and measurement systems Disagreement: 5 main debates 1.Ecological vs. broad societal perspective 2.Integrated vs. future oriented view 3.Composite indicators vs. SDI sets 4.Monetisation 5.Policy vs. conceptual approach Participants in the debate –Academics –Statisticians –Policy makers Aim: an inclusive conceptual framework –Brundtland report –Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi –Economic theory/Other social science –“Here and now” vs. “Later” vs. “Elsewhere” Agreement/Disagreement Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek

Capital en human wellbeing Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek Ecological wellbeing Consumption Human Wellbeing Capital Economic capital Natural capital Human capital Social capital Debate 1: Ecological of broad societal

Now vs. later Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek Consumption Human wellbeing Capital Income Here and NowLater Time Other Consumption Human wellbeing Capital Production Investments Depreciation Debate 2: Integrated vs. future oriented approach Debate 3: Composite or indicator sets Debate 4: Monetisation

Here vs. elsewhere Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek Production Consumption Financial transfers Imports/ exports Human capital Migration Knowledge Here Space Elsewhere Production/ Investments Human wellbeing Natural capital Global capital Consumption Human wellbeing Capital

Large and small set of indicators Conceptual versus thematic classification 3 indicator sets –Large set – Conceptual (“Here and now vs. later vs. elsewhere” ) (60 indicators) –Large set – Thematic (90 indicators) –Small set – Thematic (24 indicators) Selection procedure –“Ideal indicators” (Conceptual considerations) –Commonalities between 10 indicator systems –Data availibility Sustainable Development Indicators Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek

Large set - Conceptual – “Here and now” Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek DimensionSub-dimensionThemeAggregate indicatorIndicators showing distribution (inequality) Human well-being (‘Here and now’) HWB1. Subjective well-beingLife satisfaction HWB2. Consumption and incomeFinal consumption expenditureIncome inequality, Gender Pay gap HWB3. NutritionObesity prevalence HWB4. HealthLife expectancy at birthDistribution-health HWB5. LabourEmployment rateFemale employment rate, Youth employment rate HWB6. EducationEducational attainmentDistribution-education HWB7. HousingLiving without housing deprivation HWB8. LeisureLeisure time HWB9. Physical safetyDeath by assault/homicide rate HWB10. Land and ecosystemsBird index HWB11. WaterWater quality index HWB12. Air qualityUrban exposure to particulate matter HWB13. Trust Generalised trust Bridging social capital HWB14. InstitutionsVoter turnoutPercentage of women in parliament

Large set - Conceptual – “Later” Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek DimensionSub-dimensionThemeAggregate indicatorIndicators showing distribution (inequality) Capital (‘Later’) Economic capital EC1. Physical capitalPhysical capital stock EC2. Knowledge capitalKnowledge capital stock EC3. Financial capitalAssets minus liabilities EC-M. Economic capitalEconomic capital Natural capital NC1. Energy resourcesEnergy resources NC2. Non-energy resourcesNon-energy resources NC3. Land and ecosystems Land assets Bird index NC4. WaterWater quality index NC5. Air qualityUrban exposure to particulate matter NC6. Climate Global CO 2 concentration State of the ozone layer NC-M. Natural capitalNatural capital Human capital HC1. LabourEmployment rateFemale employment rate, Youth employment rate HC2. EducationEducational attainmentDistribution-education HC3. HealthLife expectancy at birthDistribution-health HC-M Human capitalHuman capital Social capital SC1. Trust Generalised trust Bridging social capital SC2. InstitutionsVoter turnoutPercentage of women in parliament SC-M. Social capitalSocial capital

Large set - Conceptual – “Elsewhere” Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek DimensionSub-dimensionThemeAggregate indicator Transboundary impacts (‘Elsewhere’) Consumption and incomeTI1. Consumption and income Official Development Assistance (ODA) Imports Economic and financial capital TI2. Physical capitalExport of physical capital TI3. Knowledge capitalExport of knowledge capital TI4. Financial capitalForeign Direct Investment (FDI) Natural capital TI5. Energy resourcesImport of energy resources TI6. Non-energy resourcesImport of non-energy resources TI7. Land and ecosystemsLand footprint (foreign part) TI8. WaterWater footprint (foreign part) TI9. ClimateCarbon footprint (foreign part) Human capitalTI10. LabourMigration of human capital Social capitalTI11. InstitutionsContribution to international institutions

From conceptual to thematic classification Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek ThemesDimensions Human well-being (‘Here and now’) Capital (‘Later’) Transboundary impacts (‘Elsewhere’) TH1. Subjective well-beingHWB1 TH2. Consumption and incomeHWB2 TI1 TH3. NutritionHWB3 TH4. HealthHWB4HC3 TH5. LabourHWB5HC1TI10 TH6. EducationHWB6HC2 TH7. HousingHWB7 TH8. LeisureHWB8 TH9. Physical safetyHWB9 TH10. Land and ecosystemsHWB10NC3TI7 TH11. WaterHWB11NC4TI8 TH12. Air qualityHWB12NC5 TH13. Climate NC6TI9 TH14. Energy resources NC1TI5 TH15. Non-energy resources NC2TI6 TH16. TrustHWB13SC1 TH17. InstitutionsHWB14SC2TI11 TH18. Physical capital EC1TI2 TH19. Knowledge capital EC2TI3 TH20. Financial capital FC1TI4 Economic and financial capital - monetary FC-M Natural capital - monetary NC-M Human capital - monetary HC-M Social capital - monetary SC-M

Large set - Thematic classification - examples Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek ThemeIndicator typeAggregate indicatorIndicator typeIndicator showing distribution (inequality) TH6. EducationCORE-HW/CEducational attainmentDISTDistribution-education INVExpenditures on education CORE-ADDCompetencies DEPREarly school leavers INVLifelong learning TH14. Energy resourcesCORE-CEnergy resources DEPRConsumption INTEnergy intensity OTHERRenewable energy CORE-TIImport of energy resources OTHEREnergy dependence

Small set – Thematic classification Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek ThemeIndicator Subjective well-beingLife satisfaction Consumption and incomeFinal consumption expenditure Official Development Assistance (ODA) Imports from developing countries Income inequality Gender pay gap NutritionObesity prevalence HealthLife expectancy at birth LabourEmployment rate EducationEducational attainment HousingLiving without housing deprivation LeisureLeisure time Physical safetyDeath by assault/homicide rate Land and ecosystemsBird index WaterWater abstractions Air qualityUrban exposure to particulate matter ClimateGHG-Emissions Energy resourcesConsumption Non-energy resourcesDomestic Material Consumption TrustGeneralised trust InstitutionsVoter turnout Physical capitalGross capital formation Knowledge capitalR&D expenditures Financial capitalGovernment debt

Data availaibility and official statistics Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek Large setSmall set Conceptual categorisation Thematic categorisation Here and now LaterElsewhereTotal Available:82%65%50%68%76%100% - databases UN/Eurostat73%42%50%55%69%92% - Other (OECD/WB/ESS/NOAA. NASA)9%23%0%13%7%8% Place-holders:18%35%50%32%24%0% Official sources SEEA/SNA73%58%50%62%80%92%

Paragraph 38: “We recognize the need for broader measures of progress to complement gross domestic product in order to better inform policy decisions, and in this regard we request the United Nations Statistical Commission, in consultation with relevant United Nations system entities and other relevant organizations, to launch a programme of work in this area building on existing initiatives.” Sustainable development goals (SDGs)/ Post 2015 –Open Working Group for Sustainable Development Goals –High-level Panel of Prominent Persons Rio+20 Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek

Data availability worldwide Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek TFSD small setAlternative indicator worldwideWorldwide Availability (no of countries) Source Life satisfaction 135World Happiness Database Final consumption expenditure 210United Nations Official Development Assistance (ODA) paidOfficial Development Assistance (ODA) received143World Bank Imports from developing countriesNot relevant- - Income inequalityShare of poorest quintile in national consumption134United Nations (MDG) Gender pay gap 68United Nations Obesity prevalenceMalnutrition prevalence160United Nations Life expectancy at birth 185United Nations Employment rate 145United Nations Educational attainment 184United Nations Living without housing deprivationUrban population in slums91United Nations (MDG) Leisure time 20MTUS Death by assault/homicide rate 186United Nations Bird indexBird species threatened214World Bank (WDI) Water abstractions 93United Nations Urban exposure to particulate matter173United Nations GHG-EmissionsCO2-emission229World Bank Consumption 187United Nations Energy dependence Domestic Material Consumption200SERI Generalised trustCPIA public sector management82World Bank (WDI) Voter turnout 194IDEA Gross capital formation 156United Nations R&D expenditures 116United Nations Government debt 84World Bank (WDI)

Outcome of CES discussion Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek

Rutger Hoekstra Twitter: Jan Pieter Smits Contact Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek