Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea

EQ: Have you ever wondered how the ocean would look without all that water? How it would look if it were just dry land?

It has mountains and valleys and ridges and volcanoes and just about any other land feature you could name.

The Ocean Floor Plate Tectonics Map the Ocean Floor - Bathymetry

PLATE TECTONICS

Convection Currents - The force responsible for plate movement

Plate Boundaries Divergent Boundary – moving _____ Convergent Boundary – moving ________ Transform Fault Boundary – moving ________________________ apart together sideways past each other

Divergent boundary of two continental plates. Creates a __________. Example: _____________ rift valley East African Rift

Convergent boundary of two oceanic plates. Creates an ________ and a _____. Example: _____ island arctrenchJapan

Convergent boundary of an oceanic plate and a continental plate. Forms a _______ mountain range and a ______. Examples: _______ or _______ Mts volcanic trench Cascades Andes

Convergent boundary of two continental plates. Forms a ______ mountain range. Examples: ___________, Alps, ______________ folded Himalayas Appalachians

Transform-fault boundary where the North American and Pacific plates are moving ____ each other. Example: ________________ in California past San Andreas Fault

How do we explore the Ocean floor?

How was the Titanic located? Using sonars and submersibles Dr. William Beebe reached a depth of 900 meters in a steel chamber called a Bathysphere ( fits 2 people). In 1960 a Swiss team of Auguste and Jacques Piccard, made the deepest dive in a submersible (bathyscaphe) to the bottom of the Mariana Trench (10,852 meters- 4 hrs.). Alvin is a submersible that has logged in over 1000 dives. It holds a crew of 3. Dr. Sylvia Earle holds the record for the deepest solo dive- 380 meters. (Jim Suit)

Beebe’s Bathysphere

The Jim Suit

How do Modern Submersibles Explore the Ocean Floor? Using unmanned vehicles called Robots. Using personal submersibles. Using high tech submersibles specially outfitted to withstand the cold temperatures and high pressure of the deep ocean. Using Sonar (sound navigation and ranging).

Alvin

Sonar Sonar stands for sound navigation and ranging. Sonar uses a beam of sound waves and directs them downward. After the sound wave hits the bottom of the ocean (ocean floor), or an object, it will bounce off and return back causing an echo. This is then recorded on a depth recorder on the ship. Some marine organisms use Echolocation, which is a form of sonar (dolphins, whales, porpoises).

Sonar u/collection/hdwe.htmlhttp://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/ed u/collection/hdwe.html

SUBMARINES /SUBMERSIBLES chnology/subs/subs.html

NOAA RESEARCH VESSELS

Bathymetry – Mapping the Ocean Floor mbols

The term bathymetry is defined as the depth of water relative to sea level. Bathymetric mapping involves the production of ocean and sea maps based upon bathymetric data. Bathymetric maps represent the ocean depth. The most popular type of bathymetric maps are ones on which lines of equal depths (called isobaths) are represented.

SYMBOLS

Atlantic Ocean Floor

Digital Data for Maps of Hawaiian Islands

Earthquakes and Faults in the San Francisco Bay Area

7fire/welcome.html 0sanandreas/logs/slideshow/flash_slidesho w.html

Internet – earth/ocean

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