Satellite Altimetry. The range R from satellite to mean sea level is estimated by.

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Presentation transcript:

Satellite Altimetry

The range R from satellite to mean sea level is estimated by

Past Missions

Current Missions

Radar Measurement principles

Normalized radar Cross Section

Ocean Surface Reflectivity

Atmospheric Attenuation Clear Sky Transmittance at normal incidence angle

Cloud Attenuation

Rain Attenuation

Two-Way Travel Time Pulse-Limited

Average Returned Waveform

Fig 16: Average of 1, 25, and 1000 Simulated Independent time series of illuminated area

Instrument Corrections Doppler Shift Altimeter Acceleration Error Oscillator Drift Error Pointing angle and sea-state correction

Foot Print Size

Range Estimation 1cm accuracy from satellite altimetry by measuring two-way travel time is a big challenge due to the reasons: Atmospheric Effects: Dry Tropospheric Refraction Wet Tropospheric Refraction Ionospheric Refraction Sea-State Effects: Electromagnetic Bias Skewness Bias

TECU estimated from Dual-freq measurements

Orbit Determination