Ch. 4 Section 2: Government, Religion, and Culture Main Idea: The ideals of American democracy and freedom of religion took root during the colonial period. Main Idea: The ideals of American democracy and freedom of religion took root during the colonial period. Key Terms: Key Terms: Mercantilism Export Import Smuggling Charter Colony Proprietary Colony Royal Colony Apprentice Literacy

I. English Colonial Rule In the mid-1600s, the English monarchy saw Charles II and then James II rule. In the mid-1600s, the English monarchy saw Charles II and then James II rule. James II tried to tighten royal control over the colonies-1688 he was forced out by the English Parliament. James II tried to tighten royal control over the colonies-1688 he was forced out by the English Parliament. Mary, his daughter, and her husband, William, ruled. This power of elected representatives over the monarch was known as the Glorious Revolution. Mary, his daughter, and her husband, William, ruled. This power of elected representatives over the monarch was known as the Glorious Revolution.

Bill of Rights The English Bill of Rights signed by William and Mary in 1689, guaranteed certain basic rights to all citizens. The English Bill of Rights signed by William and Mary in 1689, guaranteed certain basic rights to all citizens. This document inspired the creation of the American Bill of Rights. This document inspired the creation of the American Bill of Rights.

I. English Colonial Rule cont. The Navigation Acts-England wanted to maintain control of colonial economic resources The Navigation Acts-England wanted to maintain control of colonial economic resources These laws controlled the flow of goods between England and the colonies. These laws controlled the flow of goods between England and the colonies. They kept the colonies from sending certain products outside of England and forced the colonists to use English ships when shipping. They kept the colonies from sending certain products outside of England and forced the colonists to use English ships when shipping. Beginning of Tension between colonies and England Beginning of Tension between colonies and England

Tension Rise Some colonists began smuggling, or illegally trading with other nations. Some colonists began smuggling, or illegally trading with other nations. They did not want to trade only with England They did not want to trade only with England This illegal trade was the beginning of the economic conflict between England and the colonies. This illegal trade was the beginning of the economic conflict between England and the colonies.

Three Types of Colonies Charter Colonies-Connecticut and Rhode Island. Charter Colonies-Connecticut and Rhode Island. They were established by a group of settlers who had been given a charter They were established by a group of settlers who had been given a charter Charter-grant of rights and privileges. Charter-grant of rights and privileges. Colonists elected governors and members of both houses of the legislature. Colonists elected governors and members of both houses of the legislature. Britain approve Britain approve The governor’s and members of both houses of the legislature. The governor’s and members of both houses of the legislature. tThe governor’s appointment tThe governor’s appointment Governor could not veto acts of legislature. Governor could not veto acts of legislature.

Three Types of Colonies Proprietary Colonies -Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Proprietary Colonies -Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Britain granted land to proprietors to start these colonies. Britain granted land to proprietors to start these colonies. The proprietors could usually rule as they wished. The proprietors could usually rule as they wished. They appointed the governor and members of the upper house, or the council. The colonists elected members of the lower house, or assembly. They appointed the governor and members of the upper house, or the council. The colonists elected members of the lower house, or assembly.

Three Types of Colonies Royal Colonies -Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Royal Colonies -Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. They were ruled directly by Britain They were ruled directly by Britain The King appointed a governor and council. The King appointed a governor and council. The colonists elected the assembly. The colonists elected the assembly. The governor and council members usually acted as Britain told them The governor and council members usually acted as Britain told them Conflicts arose, especially in the assembly, when officials tried to enforce tax laws and trade restrictions. Conflicts arose, especially in the assembly, when officials tried to enforce tax laws and trade restrictions.

Voting Rights Voting rights were granted only to white men who owned property. Women, indentured servants, men without land, and African Americans could not vote. Voting rights were granted only to white men who owned property. Women, indentured servants, men without land, and African Americans could not vote.

III. An Emerging Culture pg The return of strong religious values in the 1720s through the 1740s led to the Great Awakening. The return of strong religious values in the 1720s through the 1740s led to the Great Awakening. Influential preachers like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield inspired colonists in New England and the Middle colonies to reexamine their lifestyles, their relationships with one another, and their faith. Influential preachers like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield inspired colonists in New England and the Middle colonies to reexamine their lifestyles, their relationships with one another, and their faith.

Great Awakening The family was the foundation of colonial society. Men were the formal heads of the households. They managed the farms and represented the family in community matters. The family was the foundation of colonial society. Men were the formal heads of the households. They managed the farms and represented the family in community matters.

Women in the Colonies Women also participated in decision making and worked in the fields or on farms. Women also participated in decision making and worked in the fields or on farms. In the cities and towns, they worked outside the home for wealthy families, as teachers, nurses, or as shopkeepers In the cities and towns, they worked outside the home for wealthy families, as teachers, nurses, or as shopkeepers They could not vote. They could not vote.

Education Education was valued in the colonies and many communities established schools. Education was valued in the colonies and many communities established schools. Literacy rate by 1750 in New England: 85% for men and 50% for women. Literacy rate by 1750 in New England: 85% for men and 50% for women. Schools were run by widows or unmarried women Schools were run by widows or unmarried women Taught in their homes. Taught in their homes. Some schools in the Middle Colonies were run by Quakers or by other religious groups. Some schools in the Middle Colonies were run by Quakers or by other religious groups. In towns and cities, craftspeople opened night schools to train apprentices. In towns and cities, craftspeople opened night schools to train apprentices.

III. An Emerging Culture cont. Harvard was the first college- established in 1636 by Puritans. Harvard was the first college- established in 1636 by Puritans. Founded to train ministers. Founded to train ministers. The Enlightenment-a movement that began in Europe in the 1750s and influenced the colonists. The Enlightenment-a movement that began in Europe in the 1750s and influenced the colonists. Idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society. Ideas spread through newspapers, lectures, and organizations. Idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society. Ideas spread through newspapers, lectures, and organizations. The foundation for freedom of the press came when New York Weekly Journal publisher John Peter Zenger was sued, accused of libel for printing articles criticizing the royal governor of New York. Zenger argued free speech was a basic right of the people. The jury based its decision on whether the articles were true, not offensive. Zenger was found not guilty. The foundation for freedom of the press came when New York Weekly Journal publisher John Peter Zenger was sued, accused of libel for printing articles criticizing the royal governor of New York. Zenger argued free speech was a basic right of the people. The jury based its decision on whether the articles were true, not offensive. Zenger was found not guilty.