European Exploration and Colonization Standard 7-1.5

1. Colonies After European nations explored and found the New World, these countries quickly wanted to conquer it for themselves. England, France, Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands created colonies in this new land to show off their new power and wealth.

2. Types of Colonies Plantation Colonies – Owned mostly by Spanish and Portuguese, grew cash crops such as tobacco, rice, indigo, sugar Trading Posts – Owned mostly by French and Dutch traded mostly in furs. Settler Colonies – Owned mostly by English, the purpose was to expand the empire or to gain religious freedom.

2. Types of Colonies Cont….. D. Asia- isolated until trade with Europe began modern and militarily strong civilizations “equals” with European nations trading relationship European nations could build trading posts in port cities and along coastal regions Created a merchant class in Asia

3. Labor In plantation colonies, the Spanish and Portuguese enslaved the Native Americans, and later used African Slaves. In British Plantation colonies indentured servants were also used. In the Trading colonies, the French and Dutch kept a positive relationship with the local populations In the settler colonies, the British pushed the Natives off of their land and also used Africans as slaves.

4. Labor Shortage Native Americans were slaves until they died from European diseases, because they lacked immunity, or escaped. The solution became the Atlantic Slave Trade which was the biggest forced migration in history.

Slavery within Africa Europeans did not invent slavery- they followed a long history going back to ancient times. In Africa, 25 African kingdoms took part in a slave trade.

European Slave Trade When Europeans joined the slave trade they rarely kidnapped people on their own. Europeans relieve on trade with caboceers, African slave traders. In 1441 a Portuguese ship unloaded its first human cargo. The rest of Europe followed Portugal’s example.

5. The Triangular Trade Ships sailed several routes, east of which formed the three legs of a geographic triangle. B. First leg: Europeans ships carried goods to Africa D. Third leg: Europeans used the profits from the sale of slaves in the Americas to buy items to be sold back in Europe for a profit. C. Second leg: the European goods were traded for slaves (mostly from West Africa) and shipped to America

Effects of Slavery The exact number is not known but more than 11 million Africans lived to set foot in the Americas. The forced migration of Africans increased the number of people living in the colonies. The majority of Slaves came from West Africa, this decimated their culture, but also freed up land for warring tribes to expand.

6. Resistance and Consequences Slavery left Africa in conflict as tribes would wage war just to gain more slaves. Some Africans ran away, others led revolts aboard slave ships. An abolition movement was taking shape to end slavery worldwide. Britain and France were the first countries to outlaw slavery.