 Because the two countries never fought each other directly, it was called a “cold” war meaning there was no physical fighting.

 The Yalta Conference and the Soviet control of Eastern Europe After WWII, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at Yalta to decide what to do with Germany after WWII. 1.Divided Germany into 4 zones—the plan was to fix Germany then reunite it. Korea also divided! Yalta Conference: February 1945

 Democracy and free-market capitalism VS  Dictatorship and Communism

 U.S. Response to Cold War:  Truman Doctrine  Truman Doctrine: U.S. will lead fight against Communism!  Containment: U.S. strategy to “contain”/stop spread of Communism  Eastern Europe– became Soviet “satellite nations”;  Nations under the influence of the Soviet Union  Eastern Europe behind the Iron Curtain Help, they’ containing me! I got this!

 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) v. Warsaw Pact  Who supported who?  Korean Conflict  Vietnam War

SovietsAmerica  East  Communism  Dictators  Eastern Europe (Soviet Satellites)  Warsaw Pact (Stalin, Khrushchev, Gorbachev)  West  Capitalism  Democracy  Western Europe  NATO (Truman, Eisenhower, JFK, Johnson) Write off to the side in your notes: Good summary!

 The city of Berlin was located in E. Germany, controlled by the Soviets.  The city itself was divided E. and W: East Berlin governed by the Soviets; West Berlin governed by U.S., England, France Closest to a real “Iron Curtain”

Completed in 1961, and was 15 ft. high

 Significance of Berlin Wall  Kept Western influences out of East Berlin and its people in. Technically only up for 30 years!

"Nuclear catastrophe was hanging by a thread... and we weren't counting days or hours, but minutes." -Soviet General and Army Chief of Operations, Anatoly Gribkov

Reminder: what’s an Arms Race??  Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wanted to put nukes in Cuba which could reach the U.S. in 1962  Hoped it would be a deterrent to the U.S. attacking the USSR What’s a deterrent?  Outcome: Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles if U.S. promised not to invade Cuba

 Soviet economic collapse— no money!   Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries  Tearing down of the Berlin Wall (89-90)  Breakup of the Soviet Union  December 1991: Destruction of the Soviet Union, with independence given to former Soviet satellite nations  Expansion of NATO  Many former Warsaw Pact countries joined NATO at the end of the Cold War They can’t compete in arms race anymore—we win!

 Containment: Policy for preventing the expansion of Communism

Chiang Kai-Shek, Nationalist (Dem) China, then Taiwan Mao Zedong, Communist VS When we left off, Japan invaded China pre-WWII. LOSERS!

 Division of China into two nations at the end of the Chinese Civil War ( )-  Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)—Nationalist China (island of Taiwan) – In charge in 1927!!!  Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)—Communist China (mainland China)  Victorious! Establishes “People’s Republic of China” in 1949

 Who: Conflict between a)North Korea (supported by USSR and People’s Republic of China) and b) South Korea (supported by the U.N/U.S. under Truman)  Why: The Allies divided Korea at the 38 th parallel after WWII, with Soviets ruling the North and the U.S. the South (was ruled by Japan until WWII)

 North Korea invaded South Korea in June **1 st armed conflict of the Cold War!!!  1953: Conflict ends with an armistice (peace treaty) that divided Korea at the 38 th parallel  1 st American war in which U.S. did not win an ultimate victory 

We’re just going to help stop Communism, no big deal

1. Role of French Imperialism  After WWII, Vietnam waged an anti-colonial war against France, with $$ from U.S (we support FR).  Vietnam wins and is divided: North (Communist) and South (anti- Comm.)  When S.V. refused to reunite, Communist guerrilla soldiers (Viet Cong) invaded the South 2. Leadership of Ho Chi Minh  Led the Vietnam independence movement again the French  Founder of the “Democratic Republic of Vietnam” (Communist Vietnam) and led the Viet Cong army until his death in 1969 If South Vietnam falls, what about the rest of Asia?

3. The United States and the Vietnam War  Pres. Johnson sends U.S. troops in 1965 to stop Viet Cong and “contain” Communism (JFK died in 1963)  Overall, we supply over 2 million troops!

 Large offensive by N. Vietnam that turned many Americans against the war

4. Vietnam as a reunited communist country today  From , efforts were made to end war through diplomacy  Jan. 1973: an agreement was reached and U.S. troops were removed.  S. Vietnam surrendered and reunited with the North as a Communist country  CONSEQUENCES:  The Vietnam War cost the United States 58,000 lives and 350,000 casualties. It also resulted in between one and two million Vietnamese deaths. “Even today, many Americans still ask whether the American effort in Vietnam was a sin, a blunder, a necessary war, or a noble cause, or an idealistic, if failed, effort to protect the South Vietnamese from totalitarian government.”