Southern and Eastern Africa Chapter 7 Section 1 Chapter Atlas

Remarkable Land and Water The Great Rift Valley a long, very flat area of land between two areas of higher ground formed when two of Earth’s plates spread apart, letting the land between them sink

Remarkable Land and Water The Great Rift Valley sides of the valley rise steeply into mountains and high plateaus large plains between mountain ranges Mount Kilimanjaro Africa’s highest point

Remarkable Land and Water Main bodies of water in Southern and Eastern Africa Lake Victoria the Nile River the Zambezi River the Orange River the Limpopo river the Sudd swamps

Remarkable Land and Water Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River

Remarkable Land and Water Parts of Southern and Eastern Africa are very dry. Deserts the Sahara Nubian Kalahari Namib contains some of the world’s tallest sand dunes

Remarkable Land and Water Reading Check How do lakes and rivers affect plant, animal, and human life in Southern and Eastern Africa? Rivers and lakes support life in areas around them. Rivers provide a transportation system.

Patterns of Ecosystems Many parts of Southern and Eastern Africa have a higher elevation, or height above sea level, than West and Central Africa. areas near the Equator are less hot and wet than similar areas in West and Central Africa Mt. Kilimanjaro and Mt. Kenya are near the Equator so high that snow caps their peaks year round

Patterns of Ecosystems The best known ecosystem in Southern and Eastern Africa is the savanna. flat, grass-covered plains with few trees Serengeti Plain most famous part of the savanna located in Kenya and Tanzania home to many animals

Patterns of Ecosystems Many African animals have become endangered. Poaching, or illegal hunting, is a problem governments are trying to stop. Kenya, South Africa, and other countries have set up national parks to protect the animals. ecotourism is a kind of tourism in which people learn about conservation and try to do little or no harm to the environment

Patterns of Ecosystems Why are many African animals endangered? They have been hunted too much or pushed from their habitat. Arguments in favor of and against hunting animals: In Favor: Animals are harming crops. Against: Animals will become extinct.

Patterns of Ecosystems Problems wildlife parks cause for people in the area and how governments solve these problems: The parks might reduce hunting and create food shortages. Governments can suggest other ways to get food or adapt the park’s borders.

Patterns of Ecosystems Reading Check What type of ecosystem supports zebras and lions? savanna

Riches From the Land Mining mineral resources of Southern and Eastern Africa diamonds gold platinum copper tin iron uranium

Riches From the Land Mining Most mineral resources are found in South Africa, Botswana, and Tanzania.

Riches From the Land Mining Mining has caused problems for the region and its people. Mining has poor and dangerous working conditions. Mourners gather on a hillside overlooking the scene of the Marikana massacre following a memorial service held in honor of Lonmin miners who were killed by police.

Riches From the Land Farming Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Namibia struggle to find enough water to grow their crops. farmers must irrigate their land

Riches From the Land Farming Main crops in Southern and Eastern Africa cotton tobacco tea coffee sugar cane avocados tropical fruits

Riches From the Land Farming Coffee is Ethiopia’s most important export. the plant was probably first grown in Ethiopia’s highlands the word coffee may even come from the Kaffa region of Ethiopia, where the crop is grown

Riches from the Land Reading Check What are the advantages and disadvantages of diamond mining? advantages: jobs, income for the economy disadvantages: poor working conditions, pollution

Challenges of the Environment Countries that do not have enough water struggle to support their populations. lack of water and good farmland leads to famine, or a shortage of food Sudan and Ethiopia receive more food aid than many other countries in the world for this reason.

Challenges of the Environment Dams have been built along the region’s many rivers to generate hydroelectricity and provide water for nearby farms. Dams in Uganda take water away from Sudan, which is downstream.

Challenges of the Environment Reading Check What are the advantages and disadvantages of building dams? Dams create electricity and supply water but reduce water for people downstream.

Disease Sleeping sickness, cholera, river blindness, and HIV/AIDS are common in Southern and Eastern Africa. communities struggle economically workers cannot work medical care costs the community money

Disease How to prevent some of the diseases: stay away from rivers wear insect repellent try to use clean water health education

Disease Reading Check What harm dos the tsetse fly cause? The tsetse fly carries sleeping sickness.