Figures of Speech Annette Verge Stopka

Poetry  Rhythmic writing  Imagination  Not prose  May or may not rhyme  No rhyme-free verse  Compressed language  Figures of speech often used  Imagery=the five senses (see, hear, smell, taste, touch) Often appeals to our emotions/imagination

Paragraph= stanza  Prose-regular writing-use paragraphs  Poetry-use stanzas

Figures of speech  A word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another that is not meant to be understood literally  Ex. Hold your horses.  Ex. Poems hide.  Ex. He is a firecracker.

Literal vs. Figurative Language

Literal vs. Figurative  Literal= true  Non-fiction-true  Figurative- imaginary

What is a simile?

simile  A simile is a comparison of two unlike things using like or as.

How does Andy eat?

Figuratively speaking, he eats like a…

Simile Like Like As As Resembles Resembles Than Than

What is a Metaphor? How does it differ from a simile?

He has broom hair

Metaphor is a  A direct comparison  Juliet is the sun, said Romeo.  He has broom hair.

He is a pig!

I am a blue balloon floating away.

Moon!

Personification: giving human traits to something not human  The rain dances.  The moon walks.  The wheels whine

Pun  Play on words.  Ex. Stay off the grass. (drug rehab)  Grass? (reg. grass or marijuana)

What poetic devices are found here?  What is this hail that hits us like a hammer?

Simile, alliteration, personification  What is this hail that hits us like a hammer?

What is an idiom?

What is the idiom?

Clear as mud  Not clear at all

By hook or crook  By any means necessary

Apple of my eye CherishedCherished LovedLoved TreasuredTreasured

Wolf in sheep’s clothing  Someone who appears nice, but is really out to destroy you.

Turn over a new leaf To begin behaving better

My backpack weighs a ton! What does this hyperbole suggest? Hyperbole is an exaggeration

FINALLY, TEST YOURSELF! Which is the metaphor? a sea of faces hair like a web the sun smiled Which is the simile? the sun was an eye fingers like sausages pumpkin face Which uses personification? the lights blinked I am a red balloon as hot as fire Find the idiom butterflies dance butterfly eyelashes butterflies in my stomach.

Tone: feeling/ attitude  Matter of fact, shocked, suspicious, upset, overwhelmed, uneasy, caring, confident, cocky, rejected, unsafe, worried, tired, embarrassed, anxious, grumpy, trapped, bitter, caring, confused, depressed, sheepish, undecided, demure agitated, exasperated, relieved.

Mood=Atmosphere  The overall feeling about a work of literature, often related to the setting.

Theme  The general idea or insight about life that a work of literature reveals.  The human spirit triumphs over evil.  Beauty is found in nature.  Hopes and dreams give life meaning

Symbol A person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and stands for something beyond itself as well. A person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and stands for something beyond itself as well.

Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad

Old songs from middle ages- Ballads “The Dying Cowboy”

Ballad  Ballad: songlike poem that tells a story, often a sad story of betrayal, death, or loss.  tells a story  uses simple language  has a refrain, usually at the end of each stanza. A refrain is a line or lines that repeat.  simple rhymes  has regular meters  often describes a supernatural event.

Lyric Poem  Expresses Feelings  “Valentine for Ernest Mann”  Theme: Poems hide.  Live in a way that you find poetry/love.

Birdfoot’s Grandpa  Expresses feelings…..  Lyric

Lyric Poems include: Lyric Lyric Sonnet (14 lines) Sonnet (14 lines) Elegy (sad, mournful, serious, about loss or death) Elegy (sad, mournful, serious, about loss or death) Ode (serious, formal language—celebrate) Ode (serious, formal language—celebrate) All lyric poems express feelings! All lyric poems express feelings!

Ode  Formal language  Serious  Celebrates one thing/ person

rhythm  The repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables  “For My Grandmother”  This lovely flower fell to seed  Work gently, sun and rain;  She held it as her dying creed  That she would grown again

meter  A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables  This lovely flower fell to seed  Work gently, sun and rain;  She held it as her dying creed  That she would grown again

rhyme  Chiming effect, music quality  Emphasis on the accented vowel sound  End rhymes—end of the line  Seed Creed

Exact rhyme HappyHappy sappysappy

Approximate rhyme  Orange  Door hinge  Fellow- hollow

Internal rhyme  There are strange things done in the midnight sun.  Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning.

alliteration Repetition of consonants Repetition of consonants The g rass g rew g radually The g rass g rew g radually

Alliteration and assonance  The s un was shining on the sea,  Shining with all his might;  He did his very best to make  The billow smooth and bright  And this was odd, because it was  The middle of the night.

assonance  Vowel sounds repeated  The b ee flew around the tree

Free verse I “To every time there is a season, “To every time there is a season, And a time to every purpose under heaven; And a time to every purpose under heaven; A time to be born, and a time to die; A time to be born, and a time to die; A time to land, and a time to pluck up that which is planted….” Ecclesiates 3:1-2 A time to land, and a time to pluck up that which is planted….” Ecclesiates 3:1-2

repeats  Repetition  Refrain  A time to…  A time to….

Free Verse  NO rhyme/NO RHYME SCHEME  Yes REPETITION  Yes rhythm  Yes, balance, Yes measure, yes to other poetic devices

Sonnet  14 lines How Do I Love Thee? (Sonnet 43) by Elizabeth Barrett BrowningElizabeth Barrett Browning How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight For the ends of being and ideal grace. I love thee to the level of every day's Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. I love thee freely, as men strive for right. I love thee purely, as they turn from praise. I love thee with the passion put to use In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith. I love thee with a love I seemed to lose With my lost saints. I love thee with the breath, Smiles, tears, of all my life; and, if God choose, I shall but love thee better after death.

Visual Imagery- pictures with words

onomatopoeia  The use of words to suggest the meaning of a word  Rustle, sizzle, crackle, snap, pop, buzz,  Meow, woof.

hyperbole  Exaggeration

understatement  Saying what is less than what is meant.  The Grand Canyon is a nice little hole.  Bill Gates has a few nickles.