printed by Peace through Tourism   Peace through tourism gaining ground   Tourism can contribute to knowledge of foreign places, empathy and interaction with other people and tolerance (Salazar, 2006).   Lack of evidence of benefits such as impacts on the poor and precise circumstances under which tourism can promote peace   Tourism may serve as a vehicle for terrorism, colonialism, invasion of culture and consumption of local resources Two streams of thought   Tourism is a way forward for economic growth, poverty reduction and conveyor of peace.   Economic growth and poverty reduction lead to tourism development in a one way direction only (Dupont, 2004) Dupont, L. (2010) Co integration et causalite entre developpement touristique, croissance economique et reduction de la pauvrete: Cas de Haiti. [electronic version]. Retrieved August 28, 2013, from : Holden, A. (2013). Tourismpoverty and development.. Abingdon: Routledge Lovelock and Lovelock (2013) Salazar, N.B. (2006). Building a ‘Culture of Peace’ through Tourism: Reflexive and analytical notes and queries. Universitas Humanistica, 62, pp. 319 – 333. Séraphin, H. and Butler, C. (2013). Impacts of the slave trade on the service industry in Kenya and Haiti: The case of the Tourism and Hospitality sector, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 11, (1), Visser, W. (2011). Visser, W. (2011). The Age of Responsibility: CSR 2.0 and the new DNA of Business. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Williamson, C.R. (2012). Dignity and Development. Journal of Socio-Economics, 41, (6), pp. 763 – 771.   If a Host:Visitor exchange takes place on an equitable platform where the host’s local knowledge of culture, environment and skills are engaged, the stereotype rooted in the legacy of the slave trade can be broken down.   An endogenous feedback mechanism takes place, positively impacting informal and formal institutions.   Sustainable tourism, C&SR, entrepreneurship and trust are all vital ingredients to fostering a positive position of peace. Accelerates Peace Tourism Accelerates Peace   Negative position: Absence of war, violence   Positive position: Influences of transparency, material and physical well being, culture, education and stewardship of the environment promoting peace on a local, regional, national and global level Tourism   Tourism begins with the construction of a world outlook that renders the world ‘tourable’ (Salazar, 2006).   Provides a space where local, national and transnational organisations, communities and individuals exert various degrees of agency and control over discursive imaginaries. Tourism in developing countries (Haiti and Kenya)   Many third world countries have chosen the tourism industry as a central development strategy.   Tourists from wealthy countries would lead to economic advancement in the poor host countries.   Binding growth of a third world country to affluence of Europe and N. America when it is the forces behind that affluence that maintains underdevelopment status quo of Haiti and Kenya too simplistic.   Roots of poverty a complex interaction of historical, contemporary political and economic processes which have progressively linked countries into a situation of unequal dependencies and market systems leading to a sizeable minority being excluded and falling into deepening poverty (Holden, 2013). Tourism and peace   The way people interact and integrate can lead to institutional change (Williamson 2012).   Institutions are endogenous with feedback mechanisms and informal institutions can affect development by impacting both entrepreneurial dignity and formal institutions (Williamson, 2012).   Both Haiti and Kenya have a strong legacy left by the slave trade in terms of mistrust (Séraphin and Butler, 2013)   Can C&SR initiatives engaging citizen diplomacy and increasing transparency deliver peace in Haiti and Kenya?   Is there a one-way, two-way or no relationship between tourism through C&SR, citizen diplomacy initiatives and peace? C&SR in Tourism   Responsible tourism contributes to shape C&SR. It commits a tourism company to operating in an ethical way that takes society and the environment into account (Lovelock & Lovelock, 2013). INTRODUCTION KEY CONCEPT ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS RESULTS / FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES PROFILES OF KENYA AND HAITI KenyaHaiti A strong legacy left by slavery of mistrust.√√ Problematic Host:Visitor relationshipMzunguBlanc Poor development indicators Poverty (% of population)45.9%78% Life expectancy at birth5762 Rural access to water52%51% GNI per capita$840$760 Unemployment40%40.6% % of population 24 and under63%57% C&SR to date ad hoc philanthropic or environmental√Unknown C&SR lacks citizen diplomacy and transparency initiatives√Unknown Tourism large contributor to GDP√√ Tourism has been negatively affected by political instability and insecurity √√ To what extent can tourism through CSR bring peace between locals and visitors in Kenya and Haiti and transcend the concept of oppressive government?