Unit 5

 Conflict of slavery As US added states and territories, issue of slave or free state threatened to tear country apart.

 People leading Abolition Movement Abolition movement grew in north

 People leading the Abolition Movement William Lloyd Garrison  Published The Liberator – an anti-slavery newspaper  Led many New England religious leaders to see slavery as a violation of Christian principles and favor abolition

 People leading the Abolition Movement Frederick Douglass  Editor of abolitionist newspaper – The North Star  Named that to remind people about the Underground Railroad

 People leading the Abolition Movement Harriet Tubman  Nicknamed “Black Moses”  Was former slave & escaped; became conductor on Underground RR  Helped liberate (free) more than 300 slaves

 People leading the Abolition Movement Harriet Beecher Stowe  Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin  Novel portraying slavery at its worst  Strengthened abolition movement in the North & scared & frightened the Southerners

 Slave Revolts Nat Turner  Led slave revolt in Virginia in 1831 (Southampton, VA)  Turner and 5 other slaves killed their master and family in hopes of starting a large slave rebellion – didn’t happen, Nat was later captured and hanged  Revolts spread panic & fear across South (could happen anywhere)  Also forced southerners who favored abolition into silence

 Slave Revolts Gabriel Prosser  Also led a slave revolt in Virginia (Henrico County – Richmond) during summer of 1800  He and 15 other slave rebels were later executed (hanged)

 All people above made South FEARFUL of growth of Northern abolition movement

 As new states added to the USA → Slave state or Free state???  Compromises created in Congress to maintain balance between slave states and free states

 Missouri Compromise Two places ready to become states (Missouri and Maine) 1820 – Congress passed Missouri Compromise  Missouri (MO) = slave state  Maine (ME) = free state Made east-west line through Louisiana Purchase  Slavery PROHIBITED ABOVE this line  Slavery only allowed BELOW the line  Missouri only slave state exception b/c located above this line

 Compromise of 1850 Gold rush in in California and are ready to become a state PROBLEM → If California = free state – balance uneven (would favor free states) & Missouri Compromise line would cut state in half Compromise of 1850 said:  California would be free state  New Southwest territories (Utah & New Mexico) acquired from Mexico would be decided by VOTE by the people  Fugitive Slave Act – law added as part of compromise to make Southerners happy

 Fugitive Slave Act Act required people in FREE STATES to help capture and return escaped slaves  The South liked this act – it returned their escaped slaves  This act enraged Northerners & many Northern slates passed personal liberty laws to forbid the imprisonment of runaway slaves

 Kansas-Nebraska Act This nullified (VOIDED) the Missouri Compromise BOTH Kansas & Nebraska territories above east- west line drawn in Missouri Compromise (should be no slavery but…) Act said → Issue of slavery in Kansas & Nebraska Territories would be decided by popular sovereignty

 Outcome of Kansas- Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas  Settlers move into Kansas Territory → race to see whether settlers from free or slave states become majority  Bloody violence erupted in territory between Pro-slavery & Anti-slavery settlers Rise of Republican Party  Republican Party developed & party stood for no slavery in any new territories

 Suffrage for Women Occurred same time as abolition movement Women want equal rights & voting rights Women perceived as 2 nd class citizens The issue of slavery is more on people’s minds and hearts than women’s suffrage

 Seneca Falls Convention 1848 – Elizabeth Cady Stanton & other women organized the Seneca Falls Convention (in NY) Wrote “Declaration of Rights and Sentiments”  Proposed & devote themselves to women gaining equality and the right to vote

 Susan B. Anthony Spent most of life trying to convince people of men & women’s equality Before and after she was nation’s foremost crusader for women’s rights