Share endangered species HW  Behavioral and Physical adaptations of your organism  Why endangered?  What can we do?

Behavioral vs Physical

Natural Selection  Also known as “Survival of the Fittest”  In other words….adapt or die!  Artificial Selection – humans choose who survives and reproduces to pass on the genes

Key terms  Form = Function….shape = job  Niche- where an organism belongs and its role in nature  No two species may occupy the same niche  Speciation – if offspring produce offspring then they were the same species  Fit- having the right physical and behavioral adaptations to survive  Competition

Form = Function Speciation

Competition and evolution

Niche

speciation

MRSA & Superbugs Superbugs, like MRSA, are bacteria that have evolved through Natural Selection to be resistant to antibiotics. What doesn't kill them makes them stronger. This is a growing epidemic facing the world today and it's becoming harder and harder to treat these bacteria once acquired. Unfortunately, these Superbugs exist due to human error; doctors over-prescribing antibiotics for every infection and having antibiotics pumped into our food and water. AirTech Solutions 4U is devoted to curbing the spread of MRSA and other Superbugs by completely sanitizing all surfaces and your breathable air space--PREVENTION THROUGH PROTECTION. We use proven tactics that have been University Tested to reduce such pathogens. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, or MRSA, is a flesh-eating staph infection that grows stronger with each passing day. According to the Mayo Clinic, MRSA is on "an evolutionary fast track." This Superbug has evolved into its deadly strain in only a few decades, due to our human error. Normally, it would takes tens of thousands of years but the rules have changed for the worse. By "survival of the fittest," or natural selection, the bacterial strains that survived an onslaught of antibiotics have become stronger and resistant to them. MRSA & Superbugs

What the Theory of Evolution DOES NOT say…  Humans came from apes  It does say that we have a common ancestor  There is no God  It does not deal with the origin of life…only the change of living things over time.  Science only deals with the natural world.

1840 Portrait of Charles Darwin ( ) by George Richmond (one year after Darwin’s marriage to Emma Wedgewood)

Form = Function Speciation

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution  Novel heritable variations arise.  Changes (mutations) in genes  New combinations of genes  Some variations are more likely than others to be passed on to offspring.  Natural selection  Sexual selection  Genetic drift  Accumulated variations may differ among populations  divergence  speciation.

Figure 5.14

Gene pool Particular combination of alleles in a population at any one point in time.

Other Theories  Creationalism  Intelligent Design (ID)  There is no evidence to support either of these theories. ID’s support is all negative. It is based entirely on supposedly intractable problems facing Darwinian evolutionary theory

BUT WHAT IS LIFE?????

Evidences that support the Theory of Evolution  Radioactive Dating  Comparative anatomy  Homologous structures  Analogous structures  Vestigial organs  Comparative embryology  Fossils  Comparative biochemistry  DNA, proteins (amino acids)

Radioactive Lollipop Lab  Lollipops are made of polysaccharides and “decay” in to monosaccharides.  When is the mass of the lollipop HALF of it’s original mass?  When is the amt of polysaccharide even with the amount of monosac?  Dum Dum half life ________  Tootsie Roll Half life ______

Radioactive Carbon  C12 is normal carbon and is the major ingredient in Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids.  C14 is radioactive carbon and is “unstable” so it decays and changes in to N14.  C14 has a half-life of ~6000 yrs.

Half-Life  is the period of time it takes for a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half Number of half-lives elapsed Fraction remaining Percentage remaining 0 1/11/ /21/ /41/ /81/ / / / / n1/(2 n )100/(2 n )

Radioactive Dating

KY FOSSILS Brachiopods at least 550 million years ago Crinoids refer to the Sea lilies bryozoan looks like the water screw horn corals

Oldest Horseshoe Crab Fossil Found, 445 Million Years Old

MORE LIVING FOSSILS

Homologous Structures: structures derived from the same structure in a common ancestor. Analogous Structures: structures that look similar or have similar functions in different species, but are not derived from a common ancestor Vestigial Structures: structures that were once fully functional but are now atrophied

Figure 5.10

Humans accelerate evolution

Humans and dinosaurs…never happened!

 xzfZ8bRO4 Radioactive Dating xzfZ8bRO4  dWTeregEA Half life explained dWTeregEA

Human Physical Adaptations  Binocular Vision  Bi-pedal  Opposable Thumbs  Large frontal lobe

Population Genetics  Changes in the numbers and types of alleles in populations

Hardy - Weinburg  P2 + 2pq + q2 = 1