Do as we Learn it: Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic chart:

Prokaryotic Genetic material (DNA) in nucleoid  Single-celled  Contains a cell membrane  Does not contain membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryotic  One or more cells  Contains a cell membrane and or cell wall  Contains membrane- bound organelles  DNA in nucleus

Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles “little organ” Found only in eukaryotic cells organelles are in the cytoplasm

Cell Membrane Boundary of the cell Made of a phospholipid bilayer

 Head  Polar, hydrophilic  Tail  Non-polar, hydrophobic Phospholipid Bilayer Sterols-between tail

Phospholipid Hydrophilic (head) Hydrophobic (tail)

Plasma Membrane  Thin, flexible  Allows nutrients into the cell  Allows waste to leave the cell

Selective Permeability  Controls movement of certain substances in and out

Transport proteins

Transmembrane/Transport

Fluid Mosaic Model  Other molecules “float” in membrane  Cholesterol  Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Cellular Structure and Function  Identify chemical signals Plasma Membrane

Cholesterol Give membrane structure

Fluid Mosaic Model

Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains hereditary information (DNA/RNA) Surrounded by a double membrane

Nucleolus Dense area Makes ribosomes Ribosomes –Organelles made of protein

Nuclear envelope Double phospholipid bilayer Has pores –Passage from nucleus to cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton Thin tubules & filaments Criss-cross cytosol Provides shape and structure Helps move organelles around the cell

1. Microtubule Hollow Made of protein tubulin Maintain shape Cell motility Hold organelles in place

2. Microfilament Thinner Made of actin Wrapped like a rope Cell motililty Cell division

3. Cilia & Flagella Hair-like structures movement

Centrioles Two short cylinders of microtubles Near nucleus Only in animal cells Organize cytoskeleton Help cell divide

Mitochondria “Powerhouse of the cell” Cellular respiration –release energy as ATP for the cell to use

Mitochondria Has an inner & outer phospholipid membrane Outer –Separates organelle from cytoplasm Inner –Folds called “cristae” –Makes ATP

Mitochondria Has its own DNA Reproduction

Serial Endosymbiosis Eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotes that engulfed each other video

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Connected to nuclear membrane Membrane of folded sacs “Intracellular highway” Moves molecules Two types

Rough ER ribosomes; makes proteins Smooth ER no ribosomes; makes lipids

Ribosome Site of protein synthesis Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol Produced in nucleolus

Golgi Apparatus Flattened sacs Stores, modifies and packages proteins “UPS center” Molecules transported to and from Golgi via vesicles Add carbs, modify

Lysosomes Garbage disposal digestive enzymes

Some only in plants… 1. Chloroplasts 2. Cell Wall 3. Large Vacuole

Chloroplast only in plant cells Contains chlorophyll Site of food (glucose) production Bound by a double membrane

Cell Wall Found in plant & bacterial cells Rigid, protective barrier Located outside of the cell membrane Made of cellulose (fiber, lipid)

Vacuoles Large central vacuole –Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc. Turgor pressure

Centriole Aids in cell division Usually found only in animal cells Made of microtubules Where else have we talked about microtubules?

Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus Which organelle holds the cell together? Cell membrane Which organelles are not found in animal cells? Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts Which organelle helps plant cells make food? Chloroplasts What does E.R. stand for? Endoplasmic reticulum