Benefits and constraints of telepsychiatry utilization in the united states Bruce A. Stec, MS Alberto Coustasse, DrPH, MD, MBA Graduate School of Management, College of Business Marshall University

Introduction Telemedicine: Utilizing technological devices to provide healthcare services to patients over an extended distance: Video conference. Robotic surgery. Remote Access (i.e. e-ICU). First originated in the field of psychiatry.

Introduction Patients are able to receive a consultation, evaluation, diagnosis, treatment and education. Telemedicine has been used to deliver at-home medical services with chronic diseases such as: Asthma. Cardiac Conditions. Diabetes. Psychological Disorders.

Introduction Telemedicine has been predominately used in psychiatric care and radiology. Also used in Tele-dermatology and Tele-pathology. Telemedicine services have increased access to individuals in rural areas to specialized medicine (ex. e- ICU). Telepsychiatry is being utilized by some school systems to assist adolescents. 15 % of school aged children require this type of care. As needed basis = cost effective.

Introduction Patients using telemedicine with a video-conferencing system, have the ability to receive similar consultations and prescriptions as their in-person counterparts. Using telemedicine in psychiatry has the potential to be cost -efficient due to the reduced requirement of fixed cost necessary for everyday operation. Remote monitoring of patients have allowed practitioners to check-in with their patients, more often due to the increased ease of observation.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the benefits and constraints of using telemedical services in psychiatry in the U.S.

Results Some traditionalists believe that this form of medicine cannot provide proper care. In a study in 2005, only 67% of patients with tele- psychiatric consultation were given a proper diagnosis in person. Singh, Araya & Peters (2007) were able to replicate this study and found that only 2% of psychiatric patients received an incorrect diagnosis (using DSM-IV) with telemedicine after in-person re- evaluation.

Results: Patient Satisfaction A University of Kentucky study found that 98% of the 43 adolescents and their families were satisfied with this type of psychiatric delivery. UKY study was able to decrease the overall cost of service by at least 25% per patient: Traditional service= ~$200/session (30 minutes). Telepsychiatry =~$ /session (30 minutes).

Results This treatment has being used to eliminate or limit pharmacy influence /dependence. In rural areas, telepsychiatry has increased the level of quality care since the advent of videoconferencing eIS NOT appropriate for patients in unstable psychiatric condition, even though during emergencies like suicidal threats, medical personnel can locate the patient by using the IP address.

Results Costly equipment (~ $20-$100K) has been absorbed by regional clinics. Cost for providers’ initial setup has significantly decreased by as much 30%.Cost for providers’ initial setup has significantly decreased by as much 30%. Specialized clinics have been established to act as rural health clinics where patients can go to receive help w/o being forced to purchase the equipment themselves.

Results: Results: Telepsychiatry in Prisons The prison system is the ideal setting for telemedicine for many reasons. Since the prison is run by the federal or state government and has its own budget, the prison itself can contract the telemedicine provider. The initial savings to the prison can include the decrease in transportation costs from moving the inmate to the healthcare facility.

Results: Results: Telepsychiatry in Prisons By decreasing inmates transportation to an exterior healthcare facility, the prison can see immediate savings in costs (as well as man hour cost by not having to send additional correctional officers with the patient). Public safety and security also increase with fewer inmate transports outside the correctional facility. A provider can feel free to treat a patient without the worry of their security or the security of their facility and their other patients.

discussion Potential to be highly beneficial in psychiatric care. Quality of care rendered to patients has been recognized to be similar to in-person consultations. Provides cheaper solution to the traditional psychiatric care services.

discussion Remote monitoring provides cost-effective method for specialized delivery Set up cost for telepsychiatric services can be expensive, however cost has been reduced and cost over time saves personnel and has become a useful tool and way to practice psychiatry. Some state regulations specifically limit these activities as it is considered protected medical record material.

Discussion The introduction of telepsychiatry in several correctional facilities has led to decreased spending, and greater access for inmates to psychiatric services. Increases access to specialized care for rural population. More care is able to be rendered with live-updates from patients and their families.

Conclusion The result of using this specialized service increases the patients overall quality, PS and access to care while decreasing the cost of delivery.