POPULATION OF POLAND POLISH INHABITANTS IN 2004 City/ village SEX TOTALMALEFEMALE City Village TOTAL POLISH INHABITANTS IN 2005 City/ village SEX TOTALMALEFEMALE City Village TOTAL POLISH INHABITANTS IN 2006 City/ village SEX TOTALMALEFEMALE City Village TOTAL

EDUCATION SYSTEM OF POLAND

NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SCHOOLS IN THOUSANDS IN 2009 PRIMARY SCHOOLS2294 LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS1381 BASIC VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS247 GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS688 SPECIALIZED SECONDARY SCHOOLS72 TECHNICAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS568 POST-SECONDARY SCHOOLS344 TERTIARY EDUCATION1927 SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN POLAND

THE MEANING OF „MIGRATION” Migration, emigration, imigration- migration of people in order to change the place of a stay.

MOTIVES OF MIGRATION pushing out factorspulling factors economic and demographic - poverty - unemployment - low salary - high natural birth rate - lack of basic medical care - shortages in educational system - perspectives of higher salary - perspectives of improvement in standard of living - personal or professional development political - conflicts, danger, violence - corruption - breaking the rights of humans - sense of security - political freedom social and cultural- discrimination due to ethnical or religion reasons - joining families - migration to the country of ancestors - lack of discrimination phenomenon Source: Bank Światowy, Migration and Remittances, Easter Europe and Soviet Union, 2006

BALANCE OF MIGRATION consequences (+)consequences (-) for migrants and their families - higher standard of living - financing current expenses - investment activity - opportunity to take up a job - learning foreign language, culture - handing down mobility model - job below the qualification- depression of human capital - psychological costs connected with parting with a family, relatives - break down of marriages, families - the escape of young people to bigger cities for local society- better equipment of household- lower scale of poverty, lower expenses on social benefits - improvement of infrastructure - stimulating the local job market - lowering the pressure on the market place - development of mobile societies - depopulation of outskirt regions - less or more permanent stagnation on the Polish job market - loss of job resources, problems with finding employees - ostentations consumption- pressure inflationary

THE PHENOMENON OF MIGRATION IN POLAND

MIGRATION OF POLES CountryNumber of people The US1191 Germany431 Italy341 Canada148 Great Britain92 Other572 Total2775 Migration from Poland after 1 st May 2004:  Great Britain -> the estimated number of Poles before joining EU (AROUND IN 2003) - Workers Registration Scheme data: the number of applicants between 1 st May 2004 and the end of December ,000, (307,670 Poles) - 245,000 National Insurance numbers between  Ireland -> Personal Public Service numbers system - 289,814 PPS numbers given to EU8 citizens between 1 st May 2004 and the end of October 2006

MIGRATION OF POLES AFTER 1ST MAY 2004 – WHAT IS NEW? Austria- this country has adopted a great number of Poles for many years. The legal employment of Poles doesn’t exceed 10,000 people a year and it has maintained at the similar level for the last two yeras. Poles constitute the biggest group of employees from new members of EU (around 40%). Hungarians are on the second position (around 30%). Slovaks and Czechs are on the third and forth place (around 15%). The Czech Republic is the only „new” country of EOG group which attracts a great numer of Polish workers. In 2004 and 2005 the number of Poles working there didn’t exceed 10,000 people, however in 2006 it amounted over 13 thousand people. It prooves the inrease of the interest of Poles in taking up jobs in The Czech Republic, especially in borderland. It is obvious that the biggest group of foreigners working in the Czech Republic are Slovaks (around 100,000 people). There are also a few hundred Hungarians working in the country. Alike Czechs and Hungarians Poles work in the second segment of job market which doesn’t require a good knowledge of the language of a certain country as well as high qualifications. The most popular trades are: building, social services, simple office duties.

POLISH EMIGRATION TO EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Country The number of Poles leaving in 2007 Main Polish population in foreign countries Austria55000 Wienna , Graz, Linz, Löben The Czech Republic Śląsk Cieszyński Slovakia10000 Romania10000 Bukovina and Bukareszt Hungary 20000Budapeszt, Tatabanya, Komarom, Derenk

FOREIGNERS IN POLAND Trends of imigration to Poland Basic Information  Registration data: 9,500 in 2004; including : 107,200  NSP foreigners who do not have Polish citizenships: 40,600  Repatriates (around 8,000 in 2005)  Other categories- compare- the table The most important features of contemporary imigration to Poland a small scale cities as a main destinaion domination of imigrants from Russia domination of economical imigration domination of temporary reemigration settlement due to mixed marriage big number of irregular immigration  Very low scale of immigration phenomenon (legal)  difficult to estimate meassures of illegal immigration  statistical data indicating the decrease of interest in Poland as a destination: decrease of number of permissions for settlement decrease of the number of aplications for the temporary stay decrease of the number of permissions for work decrease of the number of refugees decrease of the number of deportations  the effect of migration policy or the real process

IMMIGRATION TO POLAND 2005 year UE- 25: 1,579 Germany USA Ukraine - 2,697 Belarus Russia Vietnam Permissions for job- trends

TEMPORARY STAY OF IMIGRANTS IN POLAND Year Foreigners Studying in Poland With work permission With permission for settlement With permission for temporary stay Applying for refugee’s status Source: Bijak i Koryś 2006, Kępińska 2007