Learning: Classical Conditioning. Learning  Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to _________.

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Presentation transcript:

Learning: Classical Conditioning

Learning  Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to _________

Behaviorism  John B. Watson  viewed psychology as ___________________  generally agreed-upon consensus today  recommended study of behavior without reference to ___________________  not universally accepted by all schools of thought today

Association  We learn by ___________  Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence  Aristotle 2000 years ago  John Locke and David Hume 200 years ago  Associative Learning  ______________________________  two stimuli  a response and its ______________

Association  Learning to associate two events Event 1Event 2 Sea snail associates splash with a tail shock Seal learns to expect a snack for its showy antics

Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning  We learn to associate two ________

Operant Conditioning  We learn to associate a __________ and its ___________

Classical Conditioning  ____________   Russian physician/ neurophysiologist  Nobel Prize in 1904  studied digestive secretions

Classical Conditioning  Classical Conditioning  organism comes to associate two stimuli  a _______ stimulus that signals an __________ stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus

Pavlov’s Classic Experiment Before Conditioning During ConditioningAfter Conditioning UCS (food in mouth) Neutral stimulus (tone) No salivation UCR (salivation) Neutral stimulus (tone) UCS (food in mouth) UCR (salivation) CS (tone) CR (salivation) Example 1

Classical Conditioning  Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)  stimulus that unconditionally--_________ and __________--triggers a response  Unconditioned Response (UCR)  __________, _________ occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus  salivation when food is in the mouth

Classical Conditioning  Conditioned Stimulus (CS)  originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to ________________________  Conditioned Response (CR)  ___________________ to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus

Classical Conditioning  ___________  the initial stage in classical conditioning  the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response  in operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response Example 2

Classical Conditioning UCS (drink ipecac aka throw up medicine ) UCR (Vomit) CS ( hearing song FIREWORK) CS (hearing song FIREWORK) CR (vomit) UCS (drink ipecac aka throw up medicine) UCR (vomit) Click Me!

Classical Conditioning  __________  diminishing of a CR  in classical conditioning, when a UCS does not follow a CS  in operant conditioning, when a response is no longer reinforced

Classical Conditioning Strength of CR Pause Acquisition (CS+UCS) Extinction (CS alone) Extinction (CS alone) Spontaneous recovery of CR

Classical Conditioning  Spontaneous Recovery  ____________, after a rest period, of an extinguished CR  Generalization  tendency for stimuli similar to CS to elicit _______ responses

Classical Conditioning  _____________  in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a UCS

Generalization

Heartrate Conditioning in Cancer Patients UCS (drug) UCR (increased heart rate) CS (waiting room) CS (waiting room) CR (increased heart rate) UCS (drug) UCR (increased heart rate)