Ch. 24, Sec. 2 Expansion and Reform in the U.S.

Territorial Growth While G.B. was reforming social, economic, & political systems, U.S. was growing larger & more populated While G.B. was reforming social, economic, & political systems, U.S. was growing larger & more populated 13 states: pop. of almost 4 million 13 states: pop. of almost 4 million Most lived in small farming communities Most lived in small farming communities Most Am. wanted avoid European affairs & focus on building new country Most Am. wanted avoid European affairs & focus on building new country

Northwest Territory now turned over to U.S. Northwest Territory now turned over to U.S. Thousands settlers moved to territory, & in 1787 Congress passed Northwest Ordinance to provide some form of gov. for them Thousands settlers moved to territory, & in 1787 Congress passed Northwest Ordinance to provide some form of gov. for them Guaranteed settlers would receive same rights as citizens in original 13 states Guaranteed settlers would receive same rights as citizens in original 13 states Would be divided into states that would be admitted into Union Would be divided into states that would be admitted into Union

Many people left homes to settle Northwest Territory Many people left homes to settle Northwest Territory In 1803 Napoleon (French emperor) sold U.S. vast Louisiana Territory – almost doubled size of nation In 1803 Napoleon (French emperor) sold U.S. vast Louisiana Territory – almost doubled size of nation Also purchased FL from Spain Also purchased FL from Spain American settlers in Mexican territory declared themselves independent & formed Republic of Texas American settlers in Mexican territory declared themselves independent & formed Republic of Texas

When U.S. took control of TX, war w/ Mexico began When U.S. took control of TX, war w/ Mexico began U.S. won & received huge tract of land U.S. won & received huge tract of land Nation continued to expand Nation continued to expand G.B. gave U.S. Oregon Territory G.B. gave U.S. Oregon Territory Over next 50 yrs Am. would move w. to search for gold or settle land as farmers Over next 50 yrs Am. would move w. to search for gold or settle land as farmers Movements pushed Am. Indians off most of land & onto reservations Movements pushed Am. Indians off most of land & onto reservations

Slavery & Civil War The U.S. hurt by sectionalism, or competition among sections or regions of country The U.S. hurt by sectionalism, or competition among sections or regions of country 3 sections: 3 sections: Industrial Northeast, Industrial Northeast, Agricultural South Agricultural South Largely frontier West Largely frontier West All had different way of life & diff. views on issues All had different way of life & diff. views on issues

Issue that divided was mostly slavery Issue that divided was mostly slavery Was legal in U.S., but each individual st. could allow or abolish it Was legal in U.S., but each individual st. could allow or abolish it Some southerners believed needed African American slaves to harvest their cotton/tobacco crops Some southerners believed needed African American slaves to harvest their cotton/tobacco crops As nation expanded, Am. began to question whether slavery should be allowed in new territories As nation expanded, Am. began to question whether slavery should be allowed in new territories South: Congress had no power to prohibit it – N. disagreed South: Congress had no power to prohibit it – N. disagreed

More and more arguments led to… More and more arguments led to… Southern states sometimes threatened to secede, or withdraw from the Union Southern states sometimes threatened to secede, or withdraw from the Union In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president Vowed to stop spread of slavery Vowed to stop spread of slavery S. Carolina seceded – other s. states followed S. Carolina seceded – other s. states followed Formed Confederate States of America Formed Confederate States of America

Lincoln argued states had no constitutional right to secede Lincoln argued states had no constitutional right to secede Gov. had constitutional duty to end all rebellions Gov. had constitutional duty to end all rebellions In 1861 Union & Confederacy began bloody war that continued for 4 yrs In 1861 Union & Confederacy began bloody war that continued for 4 yrs Military leaders employed new strategy of total war, in which both enemies & civilian resources were targets of destruction Military leaders employed new strategy of total war, in which both enemies & civilian resources were targets of destruction

As war continued, became clear that South lacked troops & industrial resources As war continued, became clear that South lacked troops & industrial resources In April 1865 Confederacy surrendered, ending war In April 1865 Confederacy surrendered, ending war More than 600,000 people died More than 600,000 people died Families torn apart property destroyed, & bitterness endured well into 1900s Families torn apart property destroyed, & bitterness endured well into 1900s

Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves in those parts of the country still in rebellion Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves in those parts of the country still in rebellion Had little immediate effect – did signal slavery would end Had little immediate effect – did signal slavery would end Congress passed 3 amendments, abolishing slavery & guaranteeing rights to former slaves Congress passed 3 amendments, abolishing slavery & guaranteeing rights to former slaves Law was not followed in many places Law was not followed in many places documents/emancipation_proclamation/ documents/emancipation_proclamation/

A Changing Nation Territorial expansion brought political & social change to U.S. Territorial expansion brought political & social change to U.S. 13 st., only white males who owned property could vote 13 st., only white males who owned property could vote New territories had few property requirements New territories had few property requirements More political officials were elected rather than appointed More political officials were elected rather than appointed

In 1848 women’s rights convention held in NY, organized by Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Stanton In 1848 women’s rights convention held in NY, organized by Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Stanton Demands of right to vote for women Demands of right to vote for women Many woman campaigned for abolition of slavery & equality for women Many woman campaigned for abolition of slavery & equality for women In 1920, ratification of 19 th Amendment gave women right to vote In 1920, ratification of 19 th Amendment gave women right to vote