This consists of organisms of the same This occurs when soil is permanently frozen ___________________ _______________ example These biomes have very little precipitation We live in this biome __________________ This consists of all living and nonliving factors This consists of all populations in a given area This consists of organisms of the same ___________________ Word Bank Biological Community Population Ecosystem Biosphere Biome Organism Desert Tundra Rain Forest Temperate Deciduous Forest permafrost Earth Biological species Biotic Abiotic Ecological Levels of Organization

Where an organism lives The other is neither harmed nor helped Word Bank: Relationship Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Host Parasite Pollination Habitat Niche Examples of _______________ Where an organism lives ______________ Both organisms benefit An organism’s job __________ Symbiosis One organism benefits, The other is neither harmed nor helped A very close ________________ Between 2 organisms One organism Benefits, The other is harmed Examples Examples Harmed Helped

Food Web & Food Chains Food Chains show only _________ energy pathway Eats plants and other heterotrophs Eats dead things Make its own food Eats only plants Eats other heterotrophs Primary ___________ Primary __________ Secondary ____________ 3rd Level ____________ mouse Bacteria & fungi grasshopper snake 4 types Can not make their own food using photosynthesis This is the First ____________ Word Bank: Consumer Producer Autotroph One All Trophic level Heterotroph Carnivore Omnivore Herbivore Detritivore Food Web & Food Chains Food Webs are different from food chains because Food Webs show __________ energy pathways

Symbiotic relationships Evaporation of water from leaves of plants Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen gas Used to make ___________ Some Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria are __________ Symbiotic relationships With plants (legumes) waste Can also cause Soil erosion waste Water Cycle Matter Cycles Carbon Oxygen Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Word Bank Transpiration Run-off Nitrogen fixation Precipitation Fossil fuels Evaporation Bacteria Mutualistic Greenhouse Effect Global Warming Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Rock Mitochondria Hereditary Material Condensation Chloroplast DNA RNA Protein Natural Layer of CO2 Used to make __________ ___________ Causes this to increase greatly Occurs here Oxygen burning Carbon Dioxide Run off Occurs here

Ultimate energy source Use food chain to answer Energy Pyramid 0.1% energy 90% of energy Is lost as __________ At each level Problem: If the primary producer makes 150,00 units of energy, how Many units of energy are transferred To each level? (use boxes) Problem: (use above units) How many units of energy are lost As heat by the secondary consumer? ______________ Is Ruled by _________ 1% energy Show work for 2nd Problem: 10% energy Ultimate energy source for every ecosystem 100% energy Word Bank 10% Rule Heat Sun More Less Fewer Greater Primary producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer Numbers Pyramid Biomass Pyramid There are _______ Than The total mass of Is _______ than Than There are _______ The total mass of Is _______ than Ecological Pyramids

Population Dynamics Examples Examples This type of growth Curve is not Word Bank J-Curve S-Curve Logistic Growth Graph Exponential Growth Graph Exponential growth phase Lag phase Carrying Capacity Limiting Factors Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Density Dependent Factors Density Independent Factors Drought Disease Food availability Tsunami Realistic Shape of the curve This type of growth Curve is not _____________ Examples These are considered Which can be non-living Because they are not dependent On the # of organisms in the area Determined By Which can be living Shape of the curve Examples These are considered Because they are dependent On the # of organisms in the area

Ecological Succession Word Bank: Primary Secondary Soil Rock Volcanic Eruption Glacier Melt Forest Fire Clearing of Land Pioneer Species Lichen Caused by: Caused by: 2 Types Starts with Starts with First organisms to get established Example

a measure of human demand on the Earth‘s ecosystems Variety of Species ___________ Threats to Biodiversity Excessive use due to high economic value Permanent loss of a species ____________ When an ecosystem is contaminated Variety of Genes __________ Non-native species introduced into a habitat Variety of Life ___________ Rain with a pH below 7 Run-off of chemicals, fertilizers, sewage into water Biodiversity & Conservation increasing concentration of toxic substances a measure of human demand on the Earth‘s ecosystems _________________ Word Bank: Biodiversity Extinction Biosphere Genetic diversity Species diversity Overexploitation Pollution Biological Magnification Acid Precipitation Etrophication Introduced Species Renewable Nonrenewable Drugs (medications) Ecological Footprint Transgenic Organisms Loss of Natural Resources Disease resistant crops Economy Importance of Biodiversity Cannot be Replaced Extracts used to make Can be replaced Healthy _______ Fossil Fuels & Mineral Deposits Clean Air & Water