Ross Chapter 12 p The Construct Relationship Nouns in sequence The genitive follows a word in the construct state (a syntactical relationship) The vowels of the first word sometimes change (i.e. it is s.t. [re]constructed) The grammatical case of the first word comes from its function in the sentence

Ross Chapter 12 p Changes ([re]constructions) of noun endings Sometimes no change; other words change * or

Ross Chapter 12 p Changes ([re]constructions) of noun endings Some words no change; other words change *

Ross Chapter 12 p Syntax of the Construct-Genitive Chain 1.Word order is fixed 2.The construct (1 st ) word never has the article The phrase is definite if a.the final word has the article b.the final word is a proper noun c.the final word has a pronoun suffix

Ross Chapter 12 pp Translating the genitive in a construct chain 1.ownership/possession 2.source/authorship 3.subjective or objective 4.attributive 5.material

Ross Chapter 10 p The Perfect Conjugation (suffixed or qf+al form) The Strong Verb Paradigm he killed she killed you killed I killed they killed y’all killed we killed

Qal Perfect Paradigm

Ross Chapter 19 p. 143

Ross Chapter 10 p Translating the Perfect Conjugation Simple past: Perfect: Present state: Present in progress:

Ross pp , 2 The Qal active participle (qal act ptc) Paradigm has a vowel pattern ô (written “full” or ō) – ē (or e) pretonic reduc.

Qal Active Participle

Ross pp The syntax of the active participle The participle is a verbal adjective: adjectival uses Attributive Predicate

Ross pp The syntax of the active participle The participle is a verbal adjective: adjectival uses Attributive, Predicate Substantival (can serve as nouns, can be in construct and can have pronoun suffix)

Ross p Qal Imperfect Paradigm (modified from Ross) he/it killed they killed she/it killed they killed you killed y’all killed I killed we killed

Qal Imperfect Paradigm

Ross 19.4 pp The Qal Imperfect of Stative Verbs The translation values (cf. p. 132) remain the same future, continuous, modal

Ross pp Function of the Imperfect Tense: incompleted action Future Continuous/Repeated Non-indicative (subjunctive): may, might, would, can, should, wants to, ought to, etc.

Ross pp ,2Narrative sequences (past) The preterite form often looks the same as the imperfect In narratives the preterite is usually a wayyiqtol form.

Ross pp ,2Narrative sequences (past) The preterite (+ waw cons.) is usually translated as another main clause but can be subordinated (and waw not translated): Preterite (+ waw cons.) forms can have different subjects

Ross pp Narrative sequences (future) The past narrative sequence “flips” impf. + waw + perfect Parse as a perfect + waw consecutive

Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood Paradigm pp The 3 rd (or negative 2 nd ) person volitive: jussive Regular verb: same as impf. Let context guide Uses of the Jussive Wishes, desire, request Command, instruction 2 nd person negative command: cf. infra

Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood p The 2 nd person volitive: Imperative Paradigm Sometimes the impv. will have an –āh ending

Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood p The 1 st person volitive: The Cohortative Paradigm Form: Same as regular or with –āh ending Function: request, resolve, exhortation

Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood pp Indirect Volitives (volitive sequence) e.g., “come and see” = “come then see” or “come in order to see” 2 nd command

Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood pp Indirect Volitives (volitive sequence)

Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood pp , 6 Niceties and Negatives perhaps softening of the imperative tone used with cohortatives and jussives (contrast lo’)

Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood pp , 6 Niceties and Negatives perhaps softening of the imperative tone used with cohortatives and jussives (contrast lo’)

Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood pp Summary of Negatives