Do Now: What type of government does the United States have? List as many features of our government as you can.

Where is the power?

Distribution of Government Unitary: All government powers are controlled by a central/national government Confederate: An alliance of independent states which limits and grants powers to a central government Federalism: Governmental power is defined by a constitution which describes how power is shared between the national and regional (e.g., state) gov’ts

National/Central Government State/Regional Government Authority Unitary System State/Regional Government National/Central Government Authority Confederate System

Federalist System National/Central Government State/Regional Government Relationship Defined By A Constitution Concurrent Powers Exercised by both the national and state government Delegated Powers Assigned only to the national government Reserved Powers Belonging only to the state government Denied Powers Denied to both national and state governments

From Table 3.1 Distribution of Power -Votes for both state & central officials -Shares power with the central government -Shares power with the states FederalConfederateUnitary -Vote for state government officials -Vote for central government officials Citizens (democracy) -Sovereign power -Allocate some duties to central government -Little or no powers -Regulated by central government State/ Regional -Limited powers regarding states -Holds primary authority -Regulates activities of states Central/ National

Who has the power?

Autocracy Rule by one; usually does not have to answer to the will of the people ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1. People may be united in their loyalty since there is no competition for trust and affection. 2. In an emergency, a ruler can move quickly to take action. No time is lost in debate or discussion. 1. People are afforded little or no individual liberty. Civil rights may be trampled on. 2. A ruler’s policies suit their own needs. Needs of the people may be neglected. 3. Decision making has a narrow base - can be flawed, wrong, dangerous, and not fully supported by the people.

Monarchy A monarchy has a king, queen, emperor or empress. The ruling position can be passed on to the ruler’s heirs. In some traditional monarchies, the monarch has absolute power. But a constitutional monarchy, like the UK, also has a democratic government that limits the monarch's control.

Dictatorship A country ruled by a single leader. The leader has not been elected and may use force to keep control. In a military dictatorship, the army is in control.

Oligarchy Form of government in which the power is in the hands of a few persons or small group (who have the combined power of an autocracy.) ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1. Decisions can be made relatively quickly. 2. May provide expert leadership while avoiding the danger of one-person rule. 3. In theory, they are the most qualified members of society. 4. Members of the oligarchy listen to each other - they work together to rule. Same as Autocracy (Needs and wants of the people are not necessarily considered.)

Democracy: Rule by the people; power changes hands through voting. Direct Representative Two Types of Democracy

Direct Democracy Government in which all citizens have equal power in decision making. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1. Every citizen has equal power in matters of government. Every citizen is involved in the decision making. 2. Since all citizens are involved in decision making, there is a broad base of support and loyalty. 3. Individual liberties are protected. 1. Only works when a small number of people are involved. Ability to gather all citizens in one place is necessary. 2. Decision making involving all citizens is time- consuming. All citizens give input, debate, etc...

Representative Democracy Government in which people elect representatives who hold the decision making power. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1. Citizens are involved in decision making through their representatives, lobbying, and voting. 2. Representatives are aware their job depends on meeting the needs of their constituents. 3. More likely that all elements of the population are represented. 4. Generally, reps are educated and more-capable citizens who can devote time needed to solve complex problems. 1. Decision making is time consuming. Desire of representatives to please everyone may cripple system. 2. Representatives may not always agree with those they represent. 3. Lack of involved citizenry may allow special interest groups to influence or dominate representatives.

Anarchy Anarchy is a situation where there is no government. This can happen after a civil war in a country, when a government has been destroyed and rival groups are fighting to take its place. Anarchists are people who believe that government is a bad thing in that it stops people organizing their own lives