Chapter 10 Section 4 Slavery & Secession

Main Idea A series of controversial events heightened the sectional conflict that brought the nation to the brink of war.

Why It Matters Now secession created deep divisions in American society that persist to the present time.

Terms and Names Dred Scott Roger Taney Abraham Lincoln Freeport Doctrine Harper’s Ferry Confederacy Jefferson Davis

Slavery Dominates Politics “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” Dred Scott – Slave Dred Scott filed a lawsuit claiming he should be free since he had lived in a free territory. -Supreme Court Decision (Roger Taney) Slaves did not have the rights of citizens Scott had no claim to freedom since he filed lawsuit in Missouri Missouri Compromise was ruled unconstitutional. Congress could not forbid slavery in any part of the territory because it interfered with property rights. Supreme Court had cleared the way for the extension of slavery. VTrPcMDg

Question 1 What was the significance of the Dred Scott decision?

Lecompton Constitution Proslavery government in Kansas wrote a Constitution permitting slavery. Settlers in Kansas called for a referendum and voted against slavery. President Buchanan endorsed the proslavery Lecompton Constitution.

QUESTION 2 Why did President Buchanan support the Lecompton constitution?

LINCOLN-DOUGLASS DEBATES

Lincoln Douglass Debates Lincoln believed slavery was immoral: a system based on greed. felt slavery would spread if anti-slave legislation wasn’t passed in the territories. Douglass believed in popular sovereignty felt slavery was a “backward labor system” unsuitable to prairie agriculture. thought people in the territories would vote for freedom in the territories. believed popular sovereignty would eventually bring an end to slavery

Debates Lincoln: “I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races.” - Insisted that slavery was a moral, social, and political wrong that should not be allowed to spread.

Freeport Doctrine Free-Soilers in territories should have the right to vote for representatives who will not enforce slave property laws.

Freeport Doctrine continued Stephen A. Douglass won the Senatorial election of Lincoln’s attack on slavery drew national attention and many believed he would make an excellent presidential candidate.

QUESTION 3 Explain the similarities and differences between Lincoln’s position on slavery and that of Douglass.

Passions Ignite John Brown

Passions Ignite John Brown, reemerged on the scene and ended all hopes of a compromise over slavery. 10/16/1859: Brown led a band of 21 men, black & white, into Harper’s Ferry, VA. – Plan was to seize a federal arsenal there, distribute the captured arms to slaves in the area, and start a general slave uprising

Passions Ignite Local troops killed eight of Brown’s men. Marines commanded by Colonel Robert E. Lee stormed the engine house and captured Brown and his men. Brown was then turned over to Virginia to be tried for treason. m/watch?v=FIorHCv5QDs m/watch?v=FIorHCv5QDs

Passions Ignite 12/2/1859: Brown was hanged for high treason. North Many expressed admiration for him and for his cause. Some began to call Brown a martyr for freedom. South outraged mobs assaulted whites with antislavery views many southerners called for secession

Question 4 Why did Harper’s Ferry increase the tensions between the North and South?

LINCOLN IS ELECTED PRESIDENT The Republican Convention Chicago: Republicans flooded into the frontier city. - 4,500 delegates attended - Campaign managers for Lincoln and William Seward began bargaining for delegates’ votes.

Seward and Lincoln William Seward, from NY was an abolitionist. Lincoln was more moderate in his views. Lincoln pledged: – to halt the further spread of slavery in the west. – reassured Southerners that a Republican administration would not: “directly, or indirectly, interfere with their slaves, or with them, about their slaves.”

The Election of Lincoln emerged as the winner - received no electoral votes from the South - Lincoln had sectional rather than national support.

SOUTHERN SECESSION South Carolina seceded on December 20, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas also seceded. zsZTI zsZTI

Shaping of the Confederacy 2/4/1861, secessionist states met in Montgomery, Alabama and formed the Confederate States of America. Confederate Constitution o “protected and recognized” slavery in new territories.

Shaping the Confederacy 2/9/1861: delegates elected former senator Jefferson Davis as the first president of Confederate States of America.

QUESTION 5 How did Lincoln’s election affect the South?

The Calm Before the Storm Seven slave states had seceded and formed a new nation. Eight slave states remained within the Union. Mass resignations took place in the federal government. -DmE -DmE