Click to add text European Explorers/Conquistadors

Click to add text PORTUGAL

Henry the Navigator- Portuguese Prince. Established a school of Navigation in Portugal. Portuguese Prince. Established a school of Navigation in Portugal. Sponsored expeditions to chart Atlantic coast to Africa. Wished to establish direct access to gold in Arab nations. (Middle East). Sponsored expeditions to chart Atlantic coast to Africa. Wished to establish direct access to gold in Arab nations. (Middle East).

2. Vasco da Gama (1498) Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and eastwards all the way to India. Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and eastwards all the way to India. –First to sail all the way across the Indian Ocean.

Religious Motivations for Exploration “God, Gold, Glory”- One of the motives for exploration was to spread Christianity. “God, Gold, Glory”- One of the motives for exploration was to spread Christianity. Each nation used religion as a chance to prove they sailed on God’s authority (which would make them seem more powerful) Each nation used religion as a chance to prove they sailed on God’s authority (which would make them seem more powerful) Roman Catholicism French North America French North America Spanish Empire (Mexico through South America) Spanish Empire (Mexico through South America) Portuguese Empire (Brazil) Portuguese Empire (Brazil) Protestant Christianity Church of England Church of England Refugees from European Persecution (Pilgrims, Puritans ) Refugees from European Persecution (Pilgrims, Puritans )

Click to add text SPAIN

5. Christopher Columbus (1492) Sailed with 3 ships. The Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria. Wished to find East Indies. Sailed with 3 ships. The Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria. Wished to find East Indies. Landed in San Salvador (Caribbean) instead. Typically remembered as man who discovered America. Landed in San Salvador (Caribbean) instead. Typically remembered as man who discovered America. Called people he met “Indians”. Made three more voyages (4 total) and died believing that he had achieved his goal of landing in the Indies. Called people he met “Indians”. Made three more voyages (4 total) and died believing that he had achieved his goal of landing in the Indies.

6. Ferdinand Magellan- (1519) From Portugal, but sailed for Spain. From Portugal, but sailed for Spain. Thought there was a shorter route to Asia South of Brazil. Result: 1st Voyage around the World. Thought there was a shorter route to Asia South of Brazil. Result: 1st Voyage around the World. Also, named Pacific Ocean because the water was calm and peaceful. Also, named Pacific Ocean because the water was calm and peaceful.

Click to add text ENGLAND

FRANCE

10. Jaques Cartier (1534) Made several voyages to North America Made several voyages to North America explored much territory in North America (Louisiana Territory) explored much territory in North America (Louisiana Territory) Allowed France to have profitable fur and fishing trade, but France quickly lost influence in New World. Allowed France to have profitable fur and fishing trade, but France quickly lost influence in New World.

Conquest

The Conquistadors and the Native Americans were similar in several ways.... Glorified warriors Glorified warriors Strong religious beliefs Strong religious beliefs Interested in conquest, wealth and personal glory Interested in conquest, wealth and personal glory

The Americas before conquest 112 Million people 112 Million people Great Empires Great Empires Complex Religion Complex Religion Stone age culture Stone age culture

The only large domesticated animal in the Americas is the... Llama

Spanish Advantages Guns, Germs and steel Guns, Germs and steel -crossbows, armor Horses, Dogs Horses, Dogs

Aztec Empire Capital Tenochtitlan-a city built on a lake Capital Tenochtitlan-a city built on a lake Complex Empire- built on tribute and Alliances Complex Empire- built on tribute and Alliances Valued beauty, stone carvings and animal feathers Valued beauty, stone carvings and animal feathers

Religion The Aztecs believed that the gods fed on human hearts and blood The Aztecs believed that the gods fed on human hearts and blood Without frequent sacrifice, the sun would not rise Without frequent sacrifice, the sun would not rise Aztecs were constantly on the look out for more sacrifices = war Aztecs were constantly on the look out for more sacrifices = war Their cruelty made them many enemies Their cruelty made them many enemies

Aztec culture revolved around this religion Aztec culture revolved around this religion Warriors were glorified Warriors were glorified The King was the leader of their religion and there was an elite priest class The King was the leader of their religion and there was an elite priest class

7. Hernan Cortes ( )- From the lesser Spanish Nobility From the lesser Spanish Nobility Conquered the Aztec Empire Conquered the Aztec Empire Fought both Aztecs and Spaniards Fought both Aztecs and Spaniards Burned his own ships so his men had to conquer or die Burned his own ships so his men had to conquer or die

The enemy of my enemy is my friend The enemy of my enemy is my friend –Cortes allied with the Aztec's enemies –The aztecs received him peacefully at first and offered him gold –He eventually destroyed Tenochtitlan –Became governor of “New Spain”

Incan Empire Andes Mountains, Western Coast of South America Andes Mountains, Western Coast of South America Built complex roads Built complex roads Was rich in gold Was rich in gold Practiced human sacrifice Practiced human sacrifice

8. Francisco Pizzaro (1530)  Illigitimate son of a colonel  Sailed from Panama to Peru and conquered Incan Empire (but it took 3 tries)

Captured the Incan King and held him for the greatest ransom in human history but killed him anyway Captured the Incan King and held him for the greatest ransom in human history but killed him anyway