Long-standing changes from WW2 Advances in science and technology spur new uses and new technology (and new threats) (synthetic rubber/materials, radar, jet engines, atomic weapons/energy) New Global Trends (Chps ) Nationalism and anti-colonialism = desires for independence and self-determination –India, Middle East, Africa, Asia Ideological conflicts giving rise to new powers, new threats, new rules = COLD WAR (1945-present - Chps )

Post War Changes:

Setting the table for Cold War March Winston Churchill declared that an “Iron Curtain” divided Europe into two hostile sides. Stalin responded by calling Churchill’s speech a “call to war with the Soviet Union.” The world was bitterly divided again.

When Two Tribes Go To War… Cold War Era Europe World History II

How the CW was fought…

Two Sides/Two Ideologies

United States –Truman Doctrine - Greece/Turkey –Marshall Plan –Containment (George Kennan) –NATO Soviet Union –Eastern Bloc –Warsaw Pact –COMECON or Council for Mutual Economic Assistance ( ) Berlin Wall – Film

Economics Capitalism –IMF & World Bank (1944) –Supply & demand determined prices Communism –Own closed monetary system –Command Economy: govt agencies allocated goods and set prices

Economics cont… Capitalism –50 & 60s – US, Europe; –Great Britain – “Welfare State” –EEC  EU Communism –Recovery was first, but gap w/West widens

Arms Race ICBM - intercontinental ballistic missiles - Ballistic (flies through air like a bullet) Hydrogen Bomb – 1952 (fusion of hydrogen atoms)

Nuclear Weapons June Limited Test Ban Treaty Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty May 1972: Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty –NORAD Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty –US signed it, but not ratified – New START

Cold War “Tornado Drill” -- Duck and Cover

Space Race - Sputnik I Laika 1957 Yuri Gagarin Apr. 12, 1961

Who is dominant? Cold War Contentions outside of Europe Rule of Thumb: “The enemy of my enemy is my friend.” For the US: If you are not a communist, it’s all good.

Korean War ( ) Vietnam War ( ) Domino Theory - If the Communists succeed in one area they are likely to succeed in other areas – other areas would fall like dominoes.

Cuban Missile Crisis Nikita Khrushchev (r )/John F. Kennedy Flugencio Batista/Fidel Castro (r ) Bay of Pigs Brink of Nuclear War

Soviet-Afghan War Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan 1979 –mujahedeen 1980s - Ronald Reagan - –“evil empire” –CW intensifies –Google VideoGoogle Video

Leonid Brezhnev to Mikhail Gorbachev Brezhnev (r ) – Détente –Soviet-Afghan War 1979 Gorbachev (r ) –End of the CW – Perestroika – “restructuring” – Glasnost – “openness” –Stopped aid to foreign communists govts SU dissolved in

Challenges to Superpower Hegemony Poland –Lech Walesa (Prez in 1990)- program of Solidarity Romania –Nicholae Ceausescu (r ) Czechoslovakia –“Prague Spring” -Late 1960s –Vaclav Havel ( st pres. Of Czech Republic)

Modern Ethnic Wars Yugoslavia –Slobodan Milosevic (r ) Croatia 1991 Bosnia-Herzegovina 1992 Kosovo 1999 Chechen Crisis –Boris Yeltsin (r ) –suppressed attempt to create own nation

Korea and Vietnam Readings Small group discussion: –Discuss audience, purpose, etc –Briefly discuss questions at end –Briefly discuss any questions you brought –What do both of these readings mean in the larger context of the Cold War? Leave your questions on the front desk before you leave class.