Collaboration with Vietnam in development of technologies for low-cost solar cells Ph.D. Quang Nguyen Senior researcher – Norut Narvik

Dissemination seminar, Oslo Outline  Motivation  International collaboration  Objectives  Activities and Results  Conclusions

Dissemination seminar, Oslo Motivation Global warming and climat change is a big challenge Solar energy is clean and free covering 0.1% of the Earth’s surface with solar cells with 10% conversion efficiency would satisfy our present needs Renewable energies is a solution for sustainable development in Vietnam Vietnam has a big potential for utilization of sun energy average sunshine duration is 1783 hours per year

Dissemination seminar, Oslo Problems Price of solar cells is too high for utilization in Vietnam - Cost of PV: 0,26 Euro/KWh (Germany) - Module spot price: 1,2 USD/Wp Lacking of technology for fabrication of solar cell in Vietnam Solutions  Low cost technology to fabricate solar cell with reasonable efficiency  Solar cells based on UMG-Silicon Silicon wafer contributes almost 70% of the overall Si-cell cost

Dissemination seminar, Oslo International collaboration Project owner: Norut Narvik – Renewable energy group 11 researchers: 4 Ph.D, 4 M. Sc, 2 Ph.D students Solar Energy Technology with focus on –Material characterization –Crucible and silicon casting technology –Solar cell technology –Solar cell systems –Photovoltaic Production Technology

Dissemination seminar, Oslo International collaboration Estabished in 2004, financed by the Higher Education Project of World Bank with 4.5 M$ of budget Public research organization, belonging to the Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city With more than 200m² of cleanroom, fully equiped for solar cell research More than 50 staff

Dissemination seminar, Oslo Objectives & Plan 1 st Phase: set-up and optimization of basic technology processes Texturization Q Q Diffusion Q Q Antireflection Q Q % cell efficiency

Disemination seminar, Oslo Objectives & Plan 2 nd Phase: efficiency improvement to 16% SiN emitter Si Base p-type Dielectric layer Al- back contact Ag-front contact Point contact SiN emitter Si Base p-type BSF A- back contact Ag-front contact Tasks Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4 Rear side passivation Selective etching of dielectric layers Optimization of point contact on rear side Investigation of Light induced degradation

Disemination seminar, Oslo Collaboration Activities January 2011: visit LNT  Recruit a Vietnamese Ph.D student  Gave a seminar  Singning binding contract Exchange of researchers  Ph.D student from LNT Vietnam worked for two months at Norut  The project meeting has been organized and will be held in Vietnam in November 2011, to strengthen the collaboration and to discuss the next phase of the project  One Norut’s researcher will work for 2 months at LNT

Disemination seminar, Oslo Scientific results Optimization of texturization process  Parameters of process have been studied.  Obtained good texture with low reflectance of 25% Innovative process  Electrochemical etching in KOH solutions has been studied  New etching technique provided textured surface with very low reflectance of 20%  The result will be presented at the 3 rd International Conference on Nanotechnology and Application IWNA 2011 in November 2011, Vietnam

Dissemination seminar, Oslo Summary Research collaboration in renewable energy has been established between Norut Narvik- LNT Vietnam- IIT Bombay Active researcher exchanges strengthen the collaboration 2 seminar presentations and 1 publication in 9 months

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