GPS 3 MATTER

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURES A MIXTURE AN ELEMENT A COMPOUND contains just one type of atom contains two or more types of atom joined together contains two or more different substances that are not joined together The different substances in a mixture can be elements or compounds.

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURES Sea water

HETEROGENEOUS AND HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES HOMO = SAME HETERO = DIFFERENT therefore homogeneous mixtures have the same appearance and properties throughout. therefore heterogeneous mixtures have the different appearances for parts of the mixture and properties vary throughout the mixture.

ELEMENT, COMPOUND, MIXTURE PRACTICE 1.AN UNKNOWN, CLEAR LIQUID IS GIVEN TO YOU IN A BEAKER. YOU TRANSFER THE LIQUID FROM THE BEAKER TO A CLEAN, EMPTY TEST-TUBE, AND BEGIN TO HEAT IT. AFTER A WHILE, YOU SEE WATER VAPORS RISING FROM THE TEST- TUBE. SOON, ONLY FEW CRYSTALS OF SALT ARE LEFT! 2.A BLOCK OF PURE 24-CARAT GOLD 3.A SUBSTANCE IS ANALYZED IN A LABORATORY, AND WHEN VIEWED UNDER AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE, IT IS REVEALED THAT IT CONTAINS ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM. 4.'AR', 'ZN', 'W' AND 'XE', AND ARE ARRANGED ON PERIODIC TABLE. 5.AIR

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES PHYSICAL CHANGES CHEMICAL CHANGES the substance is the same substance before and after the change; include all phase changes Ex: boiling water, crushing ice a new substance is created Ex: frying an egg, lighting a match Law of Conservation of mass = Matter cannot be created or destroyed

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES PRACTICE 1.AN ICE CUBE IS LEFT ON THE COUNTER AND MELTS 2.A PIECE OF PAPER IS BURNT 3.BAKING A CAKE 4.DRYING CLAY 5.COMPRESSING A MARSHMALLOW

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTY? DENSITY COLOR, TEXTURE, APPEARANCE REACTIVITY MALLEABILITY DUCTILITY STABILITY CONDUCTIVITY TRANSPARENCY COMBUSTIBILITY BOILING POINT FLAMMABILITY

DENSITY A Physical Property Density = Mass Volume Ex: If an object has a mass of 3.48g and a volume of 2.97mL, find its density.

DENSITY EX: IF AN OBJECT HAS A DENSITY OF 2.05G/ML AND A MASS OF 13.09G, FIND ITS VOLUME.

DENSITY PRACTICE 1.AN OBJECT WITH AN UNKNOWN DENSITY HAS A MASS OF 43.89G AND A VOLUME OF 58.21ML. WHAT IS ITS DENSITY? 2.AN OBJECT WITH AN UNKNOWN MASS HAS A VOLUME OF 8.54ML AND A DENSITY OF 3.749G/ML. WHAT IS ITS MASS? 3.AN OBJECT WITH AN UNKNOWN VOLUME HAS A MASS OF G AND A DENSITY OF 1.003G/ML. WHAT IS ITS VOLUME? g/mL 32.0 g mL

PHASES 3 PHASES OF MATTER : solid, liquid & gas HEATING CURVE:

ENERGY IN THE PHASES SOLID Definite Shape Definite Volume LIQUID Shape varies depending on container Definite Volume GAS Takes on the shape and volume of the container Kinetic ENERGY INCREASES

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY KINETIC ENERGY is energy of motion AS TEMPERATURE INCREASES, KINETIC ENERGY INCREASES All particles are moving THEORY STATES: HOW TO VISUALIZE: GAS PARTICLES = TODDLERS AT A BIRTHDAY PARTY LIQUID PARTICLES = SHOPPERS AT THE MALL SOLID PARTICLES = DEAR GRANDMA

PHASE DIAGRAMS PHASES ARE DEPENDENT ON TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE Triple Point: All three phases coexist. Sublimation, condensation, evaporation, melting, freezing and deposition are all taking place

PHASE DIAGRAMS WATER IS DIFFERENT BECAUSE OF ITS BONDING

EXTRA PRACTICE

What phase or phases are present at D? What letter corresponds to only gases being present? What is happening at B?

What is the melting point of this substance? About how many minutes did it take for this substance to begin to boil?

What is the boiling point of this substance?

What is the freezing point of this substance? How many minutes does it take for the substance to begin to freeze?

What phase or phases are present from B to C? What phase or phases are present at C to D? Does the phase at E to F or A to B have more kinetic energy?

What phase is present at B? What take place if a substance changes from B to A? What take place if a substance changes from C to A?

What phase or phases are present at F? What phase change takes place from A to G? Will energy be gained or released?

LABEL THE PHASE CHANGES TAKING PLACE.