Case Study: Pure Water for Haiti  Scale-Up using Existing Networks  Partnership Model  School Implementation

 Scale-Up using Existing Networks Excerpts from “Scaling Up Household Water Treatment” by Charles Adams (Campaign Manager for Pure Water for Haiti)  The hazards of scaling up technologies or enterprises are monumental.  Most often the error is to think that scaling up simply means constructing a large project by proportionally expanding everything that made small projects successful. Not so.  In particular, most efforts have failed to solve the problems of scaling up the education, marketing, adoption, distribution, and service components of small projects  Ordinarily, new networks of people are created to perform all these functions.  This do-it-yourself approach can be funded in small projects but not at-scale.

Use Existing Networks  Why not build partnerships with networks already on-the- ground?  So let’s take a look at existing networks by asking these questions:  Who serves our target populations?  Who has a vested interest in their welfare?  Who has a definable motivation consistent with our goal?  Who has an organization and management structure that can achieve our objectives?  Who has volunteers that can reduce our costs of distribution and follow-up?  In developing nations, one example of effective networks is the mission [faith-based] organizations

Use Existing Networks... continued  Other existing networks are the schools – both public and private  When properly conceived and presented, it is inconceivable that schools will not want to embrace a curriculum on health, hygiene, and sanitation with a focus on clean water  Children teaching parents is an old trick that works in developing nations.  By harnessing existing networks in Haiti in a systematic and disciplined way, literally thousands of “agents”, over time, can assist in educating, distributing, and monitoring point-of-use water systems – and at minimal cost. This proposal [now a project one year old] is to show a way to make that happen.

 Partnership Model Pure Water for the World, Inc. Management Sciences for Health, Inc. Pure Water for Haiti – a national campaign Site Partner – school or health clinic Site Partnership Agreement After a visit to the school and detailed survey of the site, a Partnership Agreement (3 pages) is signed which clearly states the responsibilities of the Partners: the NGO and the School.  For institutional partners, with groups of schools, a more comprehensive agreement (11 pages) is signed.  In the agreement, the NGO supplies water filters, education material, and trains the school teachers.  The School commits to sending teachers for training, using the filters properly, and conducting the hygiene program in their classrooms.  No money changes hands between the Partners NGO Funder School

 School Implementation In One Year: April, 2008 to April, schools now have filtration and safe storage systems for drinking water 110,000+ school children can drink water at school and not get sick from it. Hygiene instruction added to curriculum in each school 950+ school teachers provided with 2½ day training sessions In Cite Soleil, Haiti - a very challenging place!

Schools and Health Clinics In schools; 1 biosand filter per 75 student seats –Includes collection bucket and safe water storage bucket with spigot. –Biosand filters are placed in safe room with safe storage bucket taken to classroom. –Water quality testing, frequent follow-up and monitoring is carried out In health clinics: filters as required to provide: 5L/day for in-patients, 2L/day for out-patients Biosand filters placed in school in Cite Soleil, Haiti - Nov’09

School Teacher Training A formal agreement is signed by each school to conduct the hygiene classroom instruction using the posters provided  Each school must send at least 2 teachers or staff to attend training  Teachers are instructed for 2½ days, in groups of 20-30, in a classroom above the site of the water filter production  Testing: each teacher in turn presents 2 posters  The school will only receive water treatment if at least 1 person passes testing. Training of School Teachers

Education through Posters Teacher training and school hygiene materials include: –18 CAWST posters, for classroom instruction; expanded to 60x90 cm (2’x3’) –Teaching manual, with 30 posters to include hygiene and filter system –With Creole titles and scripts to guide the instruction If the posters (or the biosand filters) are not used properly, the NGO has the right to take them back and provide them to another school

NGO Price List for Teacher and Technician Training Training $US Training Course for Animators$30.00 –2.5 days; includes teacher training manual and lunches Training Course for Technicians$75.00 –4 days; prerequisite is Training Course for Animators; includes lunches and technician’s backpack tool kit Hygiene Instructional Posters (per set)$75.00 –18 laminated posters; in Creole; 24” x 36”; high quality, four color printing; Teacher Training Manual$15.00 –Includes scripts for teaching all posters; in Creole Associated Facilities Matthew 25 Guest House$35.00/day –Includes breakfast and dinner; contact info at:

Biosand Filter Production Over 3000 filters in 1 year since start-up –1350 filters in first 6 months –Expanded to 15 molds in Nov’09 to produce 350 filters per month  After demolding;  1 day to check for leaks  Exterior blemishes are patched  Filters are painted; 1 coat primer then 1 colour coat  7 days to cure concrete  Less than 5% have leaks – most can be repaired  Less than 1% failure rate  All filters are numbered for monitoring

Project Team Filter body construction 5 men for 15 molds: –mix concrete, cast filter, demold –patch, paint & number filters Sand media preparation 4 sieving and 2 washing –2 large suspended sieves –sand washing done with buckets Deliver and install filters 3 people including driver Teacher training 3 trainers Project management/ QC 1 Campaign manager 1 Production manager 3 Project Coordinators –Includes the site development surveys 1 Inspector 1 Water quality testing person 1 Data entry person (plus part-time IT) Total ~ 24 people Concrete vibrator used in filter body construction

Materials Lids –Plywood 10 cm (3/8”), $2.50 each Cement –1 bag for 3 filter bodies, but with waste it’s ½ bag per filter Sand and Gravel –Sand media purchased; US$ 215 for 12 m 3 sufficient for ~300 filters. Gravel purchased separately. Water –Rain water plus tanker US$ 28 per 10 m 3 (3000 gal) Total cost of a filter = US$ 20 –for labour and all materials Total cost of a bucket = US$ 6 –for bucket, lid and spigot

NGO Price List for Water Treatment Hardware Hardware $US Concrete Bio-Sand Filter System$35.00 (concrete body) –Includes sand media; lid; diffuser plate; sanitary storage container with spigot; 18 liters/hr. Plastic HydrAid Bio-Sand Filter System$55.00 (plastic body) –Same features as concrete except 20 liters/hr. Sanitary Storage Container$ 7.00 –5-gallon plastic; with lid and spigot Bucket$ 5.00 –5-gallon plastic; with lid Diffuser Plate$ 2.50 Spigots$ 2.50 Standard Lid$ 3.50 Premium Wood Lid (Optional)$ 6.00 –Or $3.00 extra if in place of Standard Lid DeliveryBy Quotation Filter Installation by PWH TechnicianBy Quotation ( All hardware is FOB, Filter Factory, Port-au-Prince )

Transport & Installation Transport: Trip to school carries 4-5 filter bodies plus required sand & buckets on a pickup truck. Large loads of 30 to 60 filters for longer hauls to distribution points Good packing with grass mats is key to preventing breakage. Installation: Installation Form includes: –Location details –Filter number(s) –Flow rate for each filter –Water height above sand –Filter was level and disinfected –Tick boxes for education elements covered –Signed and maintained in records

Site Inspection – Measurements and Observations  Details regarding site, location, date, respondent & inspector names  Measured for each filter: –Water level (above sand) –Flow rate per litre (Minutes ___ Seconds ___)  Observation for each filter: –Condition of filter body, lid & diffuser plate ( A=good, B=bad, C=broken, D=lost, E=not in use) –Appearance and taste of filtered water  Observation for Sanitary Storage Dispenser (filtered water bucket) and Collection Bucket (for source water): –Condition of buckets –Condition of lids –Condition of spigots

Site Inspection – Filter Questions for Schools, Health Facilities & Orphanages 1.How do you use the filtered water? 2.Who oversees filter operation? 3.Do you operate the filters during vacation time? – If Yes – how often? If No – why? 4.Who oversees the filter operation during vacation time? 5.For the 2 people trained and certified by PWH: – Names? Certified when? Still working at the facility? Verify by sight? 6.Do you need additional people trained and certified by PWH? 7.Is your facility officially certified by PWH? – If No - would you like to become certified by PWH? 8.Recommended actions:

Site Inspection – Hygiene Questions 1.Has the Hygiene Curriculum been installed? 2.Has the Hygiene Curriculum been delivered? 3.Inventory of all materials: –# of Posters, # of Easels, # of Teachers’ Manuals, Number and kinds of Report Forms 4.Do you keep a log of hygiene training conducted? –If Yes; verify by sight and photograph –If No; why? 5.Do you have any problems with the Hygiene Curriculum? 6.Do you have any questions about hygiene or how to teach it? 7.Are you interested in teaching hygiene classes for parents and the community? 8.Recommended actions:

Initiatives and Future Plans 1.Feedback and Relationship Building: –To April ‘09; Five day-long feedback sessions with about 100 principals –Very illuminating and also strengthens the relationship between the NGO and the schools “in many ways that would be very difficult to do otherwise” 2.Hygiene: –Within 12 months; designing and developing “hand washing stations” at a number of sites 3.Rain Water Harvesting: –Committed to several projects which demonstrate different water storage methods 4.Resource Centre: –Scale up Training Centre to a ‘Resource Centre’ with national reach: –At present, training 50 – 60 animators per week in Hygiene and Filter systems (similar to community health workers) –Plan to add training in rain water harvesting and other health initiatives 5.Distribution Centre: –Created a ‘Distribution Centre’ for organizations and individual households to obtain filters and training (see Price Lists for Hardware and Training) –Plans to include more options; for example, ceramic as well as biosand filters