 Federal Government  State Government  Local Government  Two separate tiers of Local Government  County Level  Municipality

 System of government in which a written constitution divides power on a territorial basis  Simply, there are powers that belong to the federal government, there are powers that belong to the state government, and there are powers that they share

National GovernmentState Government Reserved Powers Set rule regarding marriage, consumption Set regulations for professional licenses Delegated Powers Powers that are denied to State Gov’t Can’t deny freedom of religion, speech, etc. Concurrent Powers Shared by both

 “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”  This establishes the right of states to establish local government

 Follows the Federal Structure Executive Governor Legislative General Assembly Judicial Supreme Court House of Representatives Senate

 Established by State Constitutions  In some states they are referred to as Parishes or Boroughs  Some states have abolished the County Level  In many rural areas, there are no municipalities so the county government takes their place

 Established by State Constitutions  Can be one of several designations  Municipality, town, township, city, village, borough

 As each state creates regulations for local government in their constitution, we will focus on Ohio

 All county land in Ohio is divided into townships  There are over 1,000 townships in Ohio  A village or a city may remove itself from a township when it reaches appropriate population requirements

 In Ohio, a village is an incorporated municipality with fewer than 5,000 inhabitants but more than 1,600 inhabitants

 If a village exceeds 5,000 inhabitants then it becomes a city  As a city, the municipal government may now collect income taxes to fund expenses  Taxes can vary from.3 % to 3 %  These taxes will be used to provide municipal services (snow plowing, parks, pool, etc.)  Many Ohio Cities further divide themselves into wards, or smaller sections that allow a more intimate relationship between elected officials and their constituents

 There are more than 600 city, local, and exempted village school districts providing K- 12 education in Ohio. The borders of the school district do not strictly follow county, township, or municipal borders.  Each School District will have a board of education that oversees the schools in the district