Maya Aztec Inca

The first people migrated from Asia to the Americas during the last Ice Age They crossed a Land Bridge called Beringia –Siberia to Alaska –Sea levels dropped exposing land

Land Bridge

Land Bridge 2:28

Why did Asian Hunters Migrate? Scientists think that hunters were following game & decided to stay! Once here they hunted smaller game & ate plants & berries

How did early Native Americans adapt to their environment? They used the resources around them for food, clothing & shelter –Ex. Iroquois hunted small game, wore animal skins & built longhouses –Ex. Inuit (Eskimos) hunted seals, wore furs & built igloos

How did the first people reach the Americas? a. They crossed a Land Bridge called Beringia b.They crossed an ice bridge in Siberia c.They came by boat d.They crossed by walking across the glaciers CPS #1

How did early Native Americans adapt to their environment? a. Inuit (Eskimos) hunted deer and small game b.Iroquois built igloos c.Inuit (Eskimos) hunted seals d.Iroquois wore furs CPS #2

Early American Civilizations There were several great civilizations in Mexico, Central America & South America –Ex. Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca

Lived in Mexico, Guatemala, & Honduras 1500 B.C B.C. Built stone pavement & drainage systems

Olmec Artifacts Stella at Venta SiteSculpture

Why did early American civilizations develop along large bodies of water? Water was used as a means of transportation and a way to farm.

Mayas 4:48

Lived in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras & Belize Largest city-Tikal Pyramids housed religious & gov’t centers Believed gods controlled all that happened Skilled astronomers Developed a system of writing (Hieroglyphics)

Hieroglyphics

Tikal

Aztecs 10:07

Capital city-Tenochtitlan –On an island –One of the largest cities in the Americas –Center of trade

Military empire-Aztec conquered neighbors Aztec took weapons, maize, cloth & copper Forced captives to work as slaves Society organized around religion –Sacrificed thousands in religious ceremonies

Map of Aztec Empire

Aztec Calendar

Located in Colombia, northern Argentina, & Chile Capitol city—Cuzco Largest of early American civilizations –Over 3,000 mi. long –More than 9 million people

Built 10,000 mi. of paved roads Rope bridges crossed canyons & rivers Official language called Quechua Worshiped the Sun god

Developed system of terracing so that they could plant on slopes

What was one example of an early American civilization? a. Inca b.Maya c.Aztec d.All of the above CPS #3

Why did early American civilizations develop near water? a. Water was used to make adobe bricks b.Water was used to irrigate crops c.Water was used for transportation d.Both b and c CPS #4

What civilization built pyramids that housed religious and government centers? a. Maya b.Aztec c.Olmec d.Inca CPS #5

Which civilization built ten thousand miles of paved roads? a. Maya b.Aztec c.Olmec d.Inca CPS #6

Which civilization built the largest city in the Americas? a. Maya b.Aztec c.Olmec d.Inca CPS #7

Many native cultures existed in North America before Europeans arrived in 1500s –Hohokam –Anasazi –Mound Builders –Adena –Hopewell –Cahokia

Lived in desert of Arizona (about 300 A.D.- A.D. 1200) Built irrigation channels

Lived in Four Corners region (Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico) A.D. 200-A.D Built stone & cliff dwellings –Pueblo Bonito –Mesa Verde Mesa Verde

Anasazi left their dwellings in about 1300 to settle in smaller communities because of drought?

Lived from Pennsylvania to Mississippi River Valley Built mounds of earth possibly for religious purposes

Lived in the Ohio Valley Hunters & gatherers One of the earliest Mound Builder groups Great Serpent Mound

Farmers & traders Built large burial mounds shaped like birds, bears, & snakes

Built largest settlment in Illinois Highest mound called Monks Mound (100 ft. high

People of the North People of the West People of the Southwest People of the Plains People of the East People of the Southeast

Inuit (Eskimo) Adapted to environment by –Building igloos –Wore furs & sealskins –Hunters & fishermen

Many tribes: –Tlingit, Haida, Chinook, Nez Perce, Yakima, Ute, Shoshone Adapted to environment by: –Hunters & gatherers –Used resources of forest & sea Haida village

Many tribes: Hopi, Acoma, Zuni (later Navajo & Apache) Adapted to environment by: –Homes made of adobe bricks –Farmers (maize, beans, squash) Acoma Sky City

Nomadic Adapted to environment by: –Building tepees that could be moved –Used horses to hunt & fight

Iroquois (Haudenosaunee/ People of the Longhouse) Iroquois Confederacy made up of 5 tribes –Cayuga –Mohawk –Oneida –Onondaga –Seneca

Adapted to environment by: –Building longhouses –Hunting, farming & fishing –Wore animal skins

Longhouse Haudenosaunee Flag

Algonquin Lived in NY & Ottawa Nomadic Adapted to environment by: –Living in small groups –Hunters & gatherers –Used birchbark canoes to travel

Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee Adapted to environment by: –Farming –Lived in communities

Which civilization built stone and cliff dwellings in the Four Corners region ? a. Hohokam b.Anasazi c.Cahokia d.Hopewell CPS #8

Which group was one of the earliest mound builder groups? a. Adena b.Hohokam c.Cahokia d.Hopewell CPS #9

Their burial mounds were shaped like birds, bears, and snakes? a. Adena b.Hohokam c.Cahokia d.Hopewell CPS #10

How did the people of the West adapt to their environment? a. They built their homes out of adobe b.They hunted seals c.They fished and hunted d.They grew maize CPS #11

How did the people of the plains adapt to their environment? a. They lived in teepees which could be moved b.They grew corn, beans and tomatoes c.They hunted small game d.They built cliff dwellings CPS #12

How did the Iroquois adapt to their environment? a. They were nomadic b.They lived in teepees c.They built longhouses d.They hunted buffalo CPS #13

How did the Alonquin adapt to their environment? a. They were nomadic b.They hunted seals c.They built longhouses d.They grew maize CPS #14