 Refugees as an issue in international conflicts ◦ Refugee: a person who leaves his or her country to move to another to find safety  Migrations of “guest workers” to European cities ◦ Guest worker: person from one country who lives and works in another country for a short time

 Middle East  Northern Ireland  Balkans  Horn of Africa  South Asia

 Irish Republican Army

 Widespread but unequal access to computers and instantaneous communications  Genetic engineering and bioethics

 Geographic locations of major developed and developing countries  Economic conditions  Social conditions (literacy, access to health care)  Population size and rate of growth

 Economic development  Rapid population growth

 Pollution  Loss of habitat  Global climate change

 Poverty  Poor health  Illiteracy  Famine  Migration

 Free market economies produce rising standards of living and an expanding middle class, which produces growing demands for political freedoms and individual rights. Recent examples include Taiwan and South Korea.

 Role of rapid transportation, communication, and computer networks  Rise and influence of multinational corporations ◦ Multinational corporation: a business firm that operates in multiple countries  Changing role of international boundaries

 Regional integration, e.g., European Union  Trade agreements, e.g., North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), World Trade Organization (WTO)  International organizations, e.g., United Nations (UN), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

 Munich Olympics  Terrorist attacks in the United States (e.g., 9/11/2001) motivated by extremism (Osama bin Laden).  Car bombings  Suicide bombers  Airline hijackers

 Surveillance  Review of privacy rights  Security at ports and airports  Identification badges and photos