牡丹江师范学院精品课 —— 基础英语 II

For Jonior Students of the English Majors Mudanjiang Normal University For Jonior Students of the English Majors Mudanjiang Normal University Prof. and Dr. Liang Zhongxian August 31st, 2009 Prof. and Dr. Liang Zhongxian August 31st, 2009 Advanced English Book One

Unit One The Middle Eastern Bazzar

Learn about the beauty of a text ●Learn about the effect of a text on a reader ●Learn about the relation of a text to culture ●Understand language and develop critical thinking. ●Taste different writing styles from different writers. ●Explore your own ability to think independently

Learn about the beauty of a text ●Learn to relate text styles with respective historical context. ●Interpret the author’s hidden thoughts behind words. ●Learning to appreciate the beauty of writing and understanding the important life lessons and messages that come from great minds. ●Learn how to appreciate different genres.

I.Revision 1.Where is the Middle East ？ North Africa And Southeast Asia From the historical perspective, the Middle East is known as the "cradle of civilizations."

Revision ● The term "Middle East" is generally recognized today to refer to a region that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to Afghanistan in the east, a distance of approximately 5,600 kilometers. It has a total population of around 300 million people and encompasses countries in the North Africa and the Southwest Asia.

Here is the Middle East, an area crossing Africa and Asia. Due to the location, it’s called the Crossroads of Continents: Europe, Africa, and Asia Here is the world

SOUTHWEST ASIA IS MORE COMMONLY CALLED THE “MIDDLE EAST” NORTH AFRICA SOUTHWEST ASIA Middle East Middle East

SOME COUNTRIES IN NORTH AFRICA ARE ALGERIA LIBYA AND EGYPT (Sinai Peninsula) North Africa

SOME COUNTRIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST ARE: ISRAEL SAUDI ARABIA TURKEY IRAN KUWAIT QATAR AND THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE) IRAQ AFGHANISTAN Middle East Countries

The middle East

Revision ●the birthplace of the world‘s three major monotheistic( 单神教） religions ●Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. ●A major center of world affairs

1.Bazzar: Persian word bazar, meaning "the place of prices". a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries. Such bazaars can be found in Afghanistan, the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Asiatic Turkey and Egypt. The Middle Eastern Bazaar

Bazaar

Middle East Bazaar

Bazaar in XinJiang

3. Architecture Style a. Gothic style: Originated in N. France in 11th Century, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, steep, high roofs, etc. b. Mosque style: with domes and minarets. The Typical Architecture

Gothic Style

Photo of Istanbul Mosque Style

1.How many markets are there in the bazaar? Nine. General merchandise Cloth-market Copper-smiths market Carpet-market Spice-market Food-market Dye-market Pottery-market Carpenters’ market II.Features of the Middle Eastern Bazaar

2. Features of each market. General merchandise: so noisy as to make you dizzy. Cloth-market: muted Copper-smiths market: picturesque. Pottery market: delicate and intricate

II. Text Analysis Carpet-market: Profusion of rich colors Spicy-Market: pungent and exotic smells Food-market: Food either humble or sumptuous Dye-market, pottery-market, carpenters’ market: Small and scattered in the bazaar.

II. Text Analysis 3.The feature of the linseed workshop: Unforgettable. Why? Room: Vast, sombre Roof: High, dusty Stone wheels: massive Camel: blind-folded, muscular, massive and stately.

II. Text Analysis 4. Feature of processing the linseed oil: Ironic and contrastive. why? Vast ramshackle apparatus makes trickle of oil with hardship of the worker. It implies something critical, such as the low productive force, the inefficient work and low economic efficiency.

The author is a good player of words. 1.Began with a brief general picture, then divide the bazaar into parts and organize the detailed description in order of space. Entrance → cloth market → copper-smiths market → kitchenware market → carpet-market → spice- market → food market → the dye market → pottery market → carpenter’s market → the workshop of the linseed oil. III. Writing Techniques

2. Using words describing sound, feeling, color, light, heat, size and smell to indicate each part of the bazaar. Heat and glare, dark ， shadowy –twinkling –crying –bargaining –muted –twinkling and banging and clashing –flashes -delicate and intricate –profusion of rich colors –pungent and exotic – sumptuous –honeycomb –sunlit –sombre –massive – huge –largest and finest –superb –muscular, massive and stately –ramshackle –creak and groan – squeaking and rumbling Vivid and Imppressive description

3. To craft emotions by using terms that beyond facts for stress and exaggeration: Even thousands –aged brick– thread their way –goods of every conceivable kind –muted cloth-market ––depriving him of all profit – a fairyland –a tiny apprentice –big tone –the maze of vaulted streets –cavern of a room – dust of centuries –towers –dwarfs –ancient girders –flood of glistening linseed oil. Overstatement

1.using similar elements to create rhythm and repetition, helping to create a deeply satisfying coherent whole. brick and stone –the heat and glare – a big, open square –a cool, dark cavern – entering and leaving –of the stall…of donkey-boys and porters…of would-be – beaten..deaden –slow, measured – selecting, pricing, and doing –likes and wants –coming and going –tinkling and banging and clashing Ryhthm and Repitition

Glowing bright and then dimming rhythmically –pots an bowls –delicate and intricate –pleasing in form, but undecorated and strictly functional –bold and simple –detailed and yet harmonious –pungent and exotic –porters and apprentices – bread and cheese – every here and there –vast,sombre cavern of a room – the largest and finest –muscular, massive and stately –creak and groan –taut and protesting – squeaking and rumbling –grunts and sighs. Ryhthm and Repetition

1.Cultural implications A. A description in the eyes of a westerner, which shows the westerner’s curiosity toward the eastern world, the tone is interesting and amusing. B. The bazaar is not only the trade center, but also a cultural center. The full variety of goods present us the most delicate and pretty art of the middle easterners. IV. Implications in the Text

IV.Implications in the text

C. It is a place of showing the customs and living style. Exp.1. Veiled woman Exp.2. Boys, donkeys, and camels Exp.3.bales of merchandise across the desert: economy of import Exp.4.dust of centuries: lazy and dirty. Exp.5. Mosque: a strong Islamic architectural influence. IV. Implications in the Text

Exp.6.The process of making linseed oil: lack of modern industry. 2.Economic implications: A.The bazaar presents an overview of the Eastern economy: peasant marketing. Every one wants to buy cheaper and sell dear, price relates supply and demand. B. Bargaining is intense and multidimensional: Price, quantity and quality. Implications in the Text

C. The differences between bazaar and mall: People enjoy coming to the traditional bazaar because it allows you to bargain, the displays are done differently every day, whereas a mall tends to follow the same pattern all the year round. In the bazaar, we can get a feel about the local life. Implications in the Text

The bazaar represents feudal economy which is based on land with the combination of agricultural and handicraft industry, showing the features of self-sustaining, intensive growth of the rural and economy. Implications in the Text

I.Reviewed: Middle East, Bazaar and two Styles of architecture. II.The features of the Middle Eastern Bazaar III.Writing techniques IV.Implications in the text. Any text exhibits the author’s outlook, and reveals its cultural background, reading is an exercise of the mind. Summary

Read the text according to the recorder loudly and fluently. Sum up the text within 150 words. Exercises on p.8. Thank you ， Goodbye ！ Homework