Applied Linguistics 3 Modules__ each module has 7 units Module One: contains(7 units) as follows: 1.Definition of Applied Linguistics 2. Theory of LL 3. The native Speaker & Applied Linguistics. 4. The 1 st and 2 nd Language Acquisition 5. Social influence in language Learning 6.Individual Differences in Language Learning 7.Psycholinguistics and Applied Linguistics

Unit 1.Definition of Applied Linguistics(AL) Page (22-30) –slide 1-22 Applied Linguistics is: * interested mainly in language problems. A tool to solve and improve social problem that concern language. It answers the following Questions: a.how we can teach language better? b.What type of individual differences in LL? c.What are the social influences affect LL? d.How to prepare an up- to- date language examination?

Continue: 5. How can help and advice ministry of ed. Official, planners and stake holders in designing a suitable curriculum for various group of people and communities? Some scholars define AL as: 1.Brumfit (1977:33): “AL is a theoretical and empirical investigation of real world problems in wc language is a central issue.

2.. Grabe ( 2000: 9) says: “AL. tries to resolve people L based problems encounter in real world” as: ( learners, teachers, supervisors, academics, lawyers, service providers, those who need social services, test makers, policy developers, dictionary makers, translators and other clients). He distinguished bw theory and practice.

3. Schmitt & celce- Murcia (2002:1) say: “AL. uses what we know about:* language, * how it is learned, * how it used in order to achieve some purposes or solve some problems in real worlds”

Davis and Edler (2006:11) observe : “AL: is a coherent activity which theories through speculative and empirical investigations real world problems in which language is a central issue”

1. History of Applied Linguistics: The History of AL. which studies, improves LT and LL, L planning, management of L handicap, comm. bw groups origin is started: 1.In USA by its teaching programme during & after 2 nd world war. 2. Grabe: (2000)said: “it influenced by early European Direct Method {he followed Bloomfield’s out line guide practical study of foreign L.

3.2 AL. History in Different Countries 1.In USA : (1948) Started at Michigan Univ. by a conference organized by (Charles,C., Fries, Kennth L., Pike and Freeman.A., this conference issued and founded a quarterly Journal of Applied Linguistics. 2. In UK : (1956): At Univ. of Edinburh They established in 1956 a school of AL. by Cartford at Edinburgh Univ, and a centre of AL

BAAL(British Association of Apllied Linguistics) established in in USA. in Washington, DC by: Charles Ferguson. Then national associations of AL. came together in 1964 they also, meet every four years in an international congress But, In a symposium held in US A at Association of AL in St Louis, Davis, Edler 2006 discussed that Angelis(2001) summaries history in 4 divisions

as follows: 1.The roots of AL. have identified in North America. 2.Therefore, North America has evolved overtime in its orientation and scope, so it has North American linguistics. 3.North America linguists directed real amounts of works to the world. 4.They create ground to what is known as AL.

Finally. Angelis noted that until 1990s there were much language activities with out reference to linguistics. In Ustralia (McNamara:2001) points out that different Australian’s AL. in contrast differ from the ones of USA and UK.. Bc, it made AL of modern Language its target for teaching materials and writing systems was focus on. They were influenced by Europe and USA not UK and it came in mother tongue teaching to immigrant E as L2.

Also,in Australia; In 1980s EFL and British tradition came to Australia. AL in Australia concerns with education with regard to the new migrant languages and literacy in English.

Davis & Edler (2001) note that AL is about language teaching They both give the differences bw AL and LA as defined by Widdoson as follows: LA : thro’ it the problem can be resolved and reform by direct unilateral (single) application (program) of concepts and term just by linguistics inquiry, ie : language problem can be solved thro’ linguistics solutions. LA: It tries to explain and test theories about language itself, not to solve language problem in real world.

LA: use Language data to develop learners linguistics knowl about language AL : the intervention(involvement) in it, is crucially has to relate and reconcile(suitable) different representations of reality including that of linguistics without excluding others. AL: look beyond language to explain and solve social problems. AL: Study language problem in order to correct them.

3.3 Sub- fields of AL 1.2 nd Language Acquisition 2.L A assessment and Testing 3.L. Policy and Planning 4.Lexicography 5.Multilinguism 6.Corpus Linguistics + (Psycholinguistics- Education- Sociolinguistics- English Studies- Discourse studies) Other add Forensic Linguistic( language and law)

They also, add CALL(computer Assisted language learning) These addition disciplines ( fields) show how AL is a growing field, The following are the definition of these sub- fields:

Defining some sub fields as follows: A) 1.2 nd L acquisition: theory deals with: Age of mental involvement Quantity of input(that determine the ultimate attainment(ability)(page 27) B) L Assessment & Testing: Seeking for development and implementation of frameworks to describe students’ progress in LL thro’ time.(helps institutes to invest in their develop

C. Language policy and Planning It deals with:- -Analysis of policy making (L is a part) -Language problems. -Involve rival (competition) interests(ethnic relation, political, social, bureaucratic and class grouping (thro’ doing policy and planning research) searching for non-linguistics knowledge.

d. Lexicography (invent dictionaries) It deals with: -FL and L2 learning and teaching at all ages and levels of ed. -Writing and study of dictionaries for 1 st, 2 nd and FL ed. -Involves mono- bi- lingual (one L) and multilingual(many L) works and general childern’s school, college and specialized technical dictionaries.

E. Multilingualism:(many language) Is the use of more than one language within a speech community. F. Corpus Linguistics(group): It aims to improve language description and theories and stubs(cut) - It seeks for accuracy in description of L. -Helps to assess the relevance of the L description of L use.

3.4 on the interdisciplinary(learning fields) nature of AL and Relevance to language teaching: -AL: a branch of linguistics that concerned with practical applications of language studies, with regards to communicative function of L. -It involves: 1.Lexicography 2.Terminology 3.General and technical translation. 4.Language teaching.

5. Writing 6. Interpretation 7. Computer and lexicography And above all as noted by Douglas (2003) : AL has a close association with SL and FL teaching. End of Unit 1 Exercise 1 1.Define Applied Linguistis? 2.What are the functions of Applied Linguitics? 3.Compare bw AL and LA?

Summary of the Previous Unit: 1.The focuse of AL is trying to solve L problems that people face in real life. 2.AL refers to application of linguistics to the study and improve LT. LL. LP. Management of handicaps 3.In 1948 LL: a quarterly AL Journal was started at MTch univ. by Charles C. Fries supported by Kennth L. Pike and W. Freeman to disseminate info. About work at Fries L institute

Summary 2 4. In UK a school of AL was established by J. c. Cartford at Univ. Of Edinburgh.