1 Glen Sweetnam Energy Information Administration Houston, Texas November 16, 2007 Outlook for North American Natural Gas Demand
2 Outlook for Natural Gas Demand Key Assumptions Reference Case Projections Two Wildcards –Gas for Power Generation –Industrial Gas Consumption
3 Average Annual GDP and Population Growth for Selected Regions, Source: EIA, IEO2007
4 World Oil Prices in Three World Oil Price Cases, HistoryProjections Source: EIA, AEO2007 $ 59 $ 100 $ 36
5 World Oil Prices in Three World Oil Price Cases, HistoryProjections Source: EIA, AEO2007 $ 95 $ 157 $ 58
6 Lower 48 Natural Gas Wellhead Prices in Three Cases (2005 dollars per thousand cubic feet) HistoryProjections High oil price case $7.63 Low oil price case $5.06 Reference case $5.98 Annual Energy Outlook 2007
7 North American End-Use Energy Consumption 26%49%24%41% Percent Change Source: International Energy Outlook 2007
8 North American Marketed Energy Use by Resource Liquids Natural Gas Coal Renewables Nuclear HistoryProjections 39% 9% 23% 7% Share of Regional Total 23% 41% 24% 20% 8% Source: International Energy Outlook 2007
9 North American Natural Gas Consumption, 2004 and 2030 Source: International Energy Outlook 2007 Percent Change % 54% 136% 17%
10 U.S. End-Use Natural Gas Consumption 9%35%17% Percent Change Source: Annual Energy Outlook % 48%
11 Canadian End-Use Natural Gas Consumption 14%20%72%42% Percent Change Source: International Energy Outlook %
12 Mexican End-Use Natural Gas Consumption 162%158%92% Percent Change Source: International Energy Outlook %
13 North American Net Electricity Generation United States Canada Mexico Total North America Percent Change % 44% 46% 133% Source: International Energy Outlook 2007
14 North American Net Electricity Generation by Fuel Type Source: International Energy Outlook 2007
15 U.S. Gas Consumption by Sector (trillion cubic feet) Transportation** Industrial* Residential Commercial Electric Power Projections History * Includes lease and plant fuel ** Includes pipeline fuel Annual Energy Outlook 2007
16 Canada Gas Consumption by Sector (quadrillion Btu) Transportation Industrial* Residential Commercial Electric Power * Includes lease and plant fuel Source: International Energy Outlook 2007
17 Mexican Gas Consumption by Sector (quadrillion Btu) Transportation Industrial* Residential Commercial Electric Power * Includes lease and plant fuel Source: International Energy Outlook 2007
18 Scenarios Examined by EIA to Assess Impact of Climate Change Initiatives on U.S. Natural Gas Markets Reference Case = EIA’s Annual Energy Outlook 2007 S. 280 Core Case = Provisions implemented under the Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act of 2007 RefNB = Reference Nuclear and Biomass Case. Holds nuclear and biomass to their reference case level through 2030 RefNB+noCCS = Reference Nuclear and Biomass plus no Carbon Capture and Sequestration Case. Adds the limitation that coal with CCS cannot be deployed before 2030 RefNBLNG+noCCS = Attempts to simulate a price scenario that assumes an OPEC-like natural gas cartel. In addition to the generation technology restrictions in the RefNB+noCCS case, LNG imports are held at the reference case level
Refer- ence S. 280 Core RefNBRefNB+ noCCS RefNBL NG+ noCCS Natural Gas Generation (bkwh) ,2591,6711,540 Total Natural Gas Use (tcf) Natural Gas for Generation (tcf) LNG Supply (tcf) CO2 Permit Price ($/ton)n/a $47.90$53.10$61.20$61.80 Natural Gas Price at Henry Hub ($/mmBtu) $8.60$6.44$6.12$6.73$7.17$7.55 U.S. Natural Gas Indicators Under Various Climate Change Initiatives Source: EIA, Supplement to: Energy Market and Economic Impacts of S. 280, the Climate Stewardship And Innovation Act of
20 Industrial sector accounts for largest percentage of total U.S. natural gas consumption. Business operations of industrial sector consumers are sensitive to large, sustained swings in the price of natural gas. Annual average price to industrial consumers was $3.59/MMCF in 1997 and $7.88/MMCF in 2006 (nominal). U.S. Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, 2006 Overview: Natural Gas Consumption in the Industrial Sector
21 The Composition of Industrial Natural Gas Consumption: 2002 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS)
22 NAICS Code Industry Subgroup 1994 Natural Gas Consumption (Bcf) 1998 Natural Gas Consumption (Bcf) 2002 Natural Gas Consumption (Bcf) 311Food Paper Petroleum and Coal Products Basic Chemicals1037ª Resins and Plastic Materials c Agricultural Chemicals Nonmetallic Mineral Products419 b Primary Metals Fabricated Metal Products Other TOTAL6,6357,2316, Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS)
23 The Puzzle: Industrial Natural Gas Demand not Correlated with Industrial Production Index
24 Conclusions High level of uncertainty regarding gas use in the power generation and industrial sectors In last 10 years, U.S. industrial gas consumption has declined despite growth in output Policy measures designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions could have a significant impact on U.S. gas consumption — gas use could be as low as 24 tcf or as high as 30 tcf in 2030.
25 Glen Sweetnam Periodic Reports Short-Term Energy Outlook, monthly Annual Energy Outlook 2007, February 2007 International Energy Outlook 2007, May 2007 Special Analyses “Economic Effects of High Oil Prices,” Annual Energy Outlook 2007 “Restricted Natural Gas Supply Case,” Annual Energy Outlook