Fermilab Accelerator Science Program: Overview and Strategy (KA ) Vladimir Shiltsev Fermilab Institutional Review June 6-9, 2011

Outline Introduction: Mission Elements and Organization Accelerator and Beam Physics Advanced Accelerator R&D Advanced Physics for Accelerator Operations Education and training Conclusion Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9,

Introduction  Development of technologies and tools aimed at long term forefront accelerator facilities Energy frontier colliders (LHC–HL/HE,  +  -, ILC) Intensity frontier facilities (Main Injector, Project X, - Factory)  Critical support for ongoing accelerator based programs at the heart of the near term Fermilab research program Collider and -program at FNAL LHC at CERN The Accelerator Science and Muon Accelerator programs at Fermilab support the long term accelerator based physics mission of Fermilab and of the Department of Energy’s Office of High Energy Physics: 3 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Fermilab Accelerator Science Program Elements Advanced Accelerator R&D Program Develop and explore transformative concepts and technologies for beyond next-generation accelerators Muon Accelerator Program Assess feasibility and demonstrate technologies for future muon accelerator facilities for both the energy frontier (multi-TeV muon collider) and intensity frontier (neutrino factory) Operational Support Provide beam dynamics support for the operating accelerator complex at Fermilab, and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN Education Educate the next generation of accelerator designers and builders through the USPAS and Fermilab programs Accelerator and Beam Physics Contribute to the fundamental understanding of beam dynamics through experiment, simulation and theory 4 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Relevance of Fermilab’s Accelerator Science Activities and Facilities TevatronLHCProject X Muon Collider Neutrino factory Main Injector BoosterILCAARDApplic a-tions Muon Acc Program New Muon Lab FNAL/A0 Photo-inj IOTA (integr.optics) Theory Beam-beam simul’s Energy depos. sim. Collimation studies E-cloud studies USPAS/Lee Teng Ground motion Fast SF magnets 5 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Uniqueness of Fermilab Accelerator Science Program The Fermilab Accelerator Science program is embedded in, and leverages resources and infrastructure from, the much larger operations and general technology development programs:  Accelerator facilities: The Fermilab complex is very flexible in its ability to deliver beam at a variety of energies to a variety of locations, simultaneous with ongoing operations MuCool Test Area, Meson Area Test Beam, and, since recently, New Muon Lab are current examples  Accelerator personnel: Fermilab staff possess unique capabilities and skills in accelerator design, construction, and operations, and in advanced accelerator R&D. Six prize winners and 10 APS/DPB Fellows take part in the program carried by the Accelerator Sector (APC, TD, AD). Personnel are available to support the Accelerator Science program on temporary/longer term basis via full/part time assignment. 6 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Uniqueness of the Program (cont.)  Accelerator computation/simulations tools: A variety of advanced computation and simulation tools are available in the APC and via the SciDAC sponsored national accelerator computational program.  Accelerator infrastructure: Very substantial cryogenics, electrical, and low conductivity water infrastructure are available within the accelerator complex at Fermilab.  Local Universities and Laboratories: Several local universities (IIT, NIU, UIUC, UofC) plus ANL and ICL, are active participants in the Fermilab’s program  Support functions: Procurement, ESH, QA, accounting, etc. support are available at minimal incremental cost. Because of our role in the US-HEP, Fermilab is uniquely positioned to provide the leadership in programs aimed at the development of future accelerator facilities in the U.S.  Project X, LARP (LHC Accel. Res. Program), MAP (Muon Accel. Program) 7 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Organization and Collaborators 8 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011 Activities are conducted within the Fermilab Accelerator Sector Accelerator Physics Center coordinates Accelerator Science activities Fermilab Computing Division Particle Phys Division Joint Appointments NIU (2), IIT(2), ICL (1) ComPASS ANL, BNL, LBL, SLAC Jlab, UCLA, USC, Tech-X US-LARP & US -MAP CERN, Nat’l Labs, Univ’s ANL, UChicago US-PAS 10 Nat’l Labs, 2 Univ’s Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Statistics of Accelerator Physics Publications Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, INSPIRE r:fermilab collection:published -cn:/.*/

 >20 peer-review publications :  Phys Rev Lett (2)  Phys Rev ST-AB (8)  JINST (3), Mod Phys Lett (1)  18 invited talks at PAC’11  3 at IPAC’10 in NYC and 3 at IPAC’11  Proceedings : AAC2010, >40 at other conferences/workshops  16 publications a year:  (may not look like a lot, but…)  is about 0.5 articles/scientist/yr  compare with CDF & D0 : ~60/600=0.1 articles/sci/year Fermilab Accelerator Science Highlights in Featured in:

Next 12 slides will cover each KA element :  Mission  Goals  Main Activities  Recent Progress  Future Outlook and Plans since FY11, Muon Accelerator R&D is in a separate B&R category (KA )  Steve Geer will report Wednesday Immediately following my talk, additional details will be given by:  Philippe Piot – on Advanced Accelerator R&D program  Alexander Valishev – on Beam Physics and Ops support Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9,

Accelerator Theory and Beam Physics Mission: contribute to the fundamental understanding of beam dynamics through experiment, simulation and theory Five-year Goals:  Improve understanding of beam instabilities due to space-charge, beam- beam, impedance and electron cloud effects and their control through development of fundamental theory and experimental studies  Complete analysis of beam physics of the Tevatron Collider and summarize in a comprehensive publication (book)  Support and further develop accelerator codes the lab provides to community (MARS,OPTIM, CHEF, ESME, etc)  Lead and expand COMPASS (Community Petascale for Accelerator Science and Simulation)  Develop and install hollow electron beam collimators for LHC Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9,

Beam Theory and Modeling Activities  Energy Deposition simulations:  MARS code development and support  200 registered users in US (290 world- wide)  Collimation design &modeling (crystals)  General accelerator theory:  Instabilities due to space-charge and electron clouds  Strongly nonlinear rings (IOTA)  Leading COMPASS (part of SciDAC)  Beam-beam simulations:  LIFETRAC code has predictive power  Tev, LHC, beam-beam compensation  Hollow e-beam collimator simulation  Advanced Vlasov solver development

Experimental Beam Physics Studies Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, Tevatron Beam Physics Studies program:  Approved to take place before the end of the Collider Run II  Unique opportunity for in-depth exploration of the physics of colliders  Several periods of studies in 2011  beam-beam effects and compensation, diffusion and halo, novel collimation schemes, luminosity leveling, instabilities, nonlinear effects, etc  Other studies:  Ground motion measurements on site and in South Dakota  Electron cloud studies in CESRTA

Advanced Accelerator R&D Mission: develop and explore the transformative concepts and technologies for beyond next-generation accelerators Five-year Goals:  Develop NML into a flexible, powerful, proposal-driven user facility for Advanced Accelerator R&D  conclude transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange demonstration experiments at A0 Photoinjector  transform A0 high-brightness electron sources and novel beam diagnostics development lab (joint with NIU)  Build a small low energy electron ring for proof-of-principle demonstration of novel integrable nonlinear beam optics Activities:  Pioneering on round-to-flat beam transformation and transverse-to- longitudinal emittance exchange (EEX) demo experiments at A0  Microbunch train generation demo by EEX Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9,

NML Expansion (AARD) Building Construction Finished Finished TunnelElectrical Service BuildingDigging Tunnel 16 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Planning Advanced Accelerator R&D in NML The NML AARD facility will be unique: Variable energy from ~40 MeV (injector beamlines) to ~1 GeV High repetition rate (3000 bunches every 0.2 s) Low emittance source and tailored change distribution We have set up a Joint Fermilab–Argonne Working Group on Scientific Opportunities for Advanced Accelerator R&D at Fermilab’s New Muon Laboratory Facility In April 2011, the WG identified 3 high priority experiments : longitudinal bunch shape manipulation with double-emittance exchange line (in collaboration with ANL) IOTA (integrable optics test accelerator) ring and advanced beam cooling tests (in collaboration with ORNL) test of a crystal-based high-brightness X-ray radiator (in collaboration with NIU, Vanderbilt University, Tech-X and RadiaBeam Technologies) Plan to prepare full proposal by the end of 2011 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9,

Beam Physics Support of Operational Programs Mission: to provide advanced beam dynamics support for the operating accelerator complex at Fermilab, and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN Five-year Goals:  Improve performance of operating accelerators through in-depth beam- dynamics understanding at both FNAL and LHC  Provide scientific support to PIP (Proton Improvement Plan) Activities:  energy deposition simulations for operationally critical systems  development of improved beam diagnostics tools (eg for beam optics and tunes)  methods to control beam optics imperfections  exploration of the performance limiting factors such as efficiency of collimation system in MI and LHC, generation and control of DC beam  modeling and optimization of stochastic and electron cooling systems Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9,

Two Examples of Physics Support of Operations Support of LHC :  Beam optics measurements analysis and correction  Abort gap monitoring and control  Collimation efficiency analysis  HL/HE-LHC design contributions With partial support from and overall coordination from LARP Booster Phasor Tune Monitor B38 Console Application before after

Accelerator Education Mission: educate the next generation of accelerator designers and builders through the USPAS and Fermilab programs Five-year Goals:  Expand Accelerator PhD program to over 10 students  Increase number of PhD graduates to more than 2/yr  Establish joint University-FNAL program for Masters students Activities:  the Lee Teng Internship in accelerator science and technology for undergraduate students (joint with Argonne Nat’l Lab)  Summer internship in accelerator physics and technology for international students (PARTI)  a Joint University-Fermilab Accelerator Ph.D. program  the Peoples Fellowship in accelerator science for post-graduates  Fermilab hosts the U.S. Particle Accelerator School, a national consortium, which holds two sessions a year for undergraduate and graduate students. Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9,

Undergraduate outreach: Teng Internship at FNAL and ANL Engage highly promising post-junior undergrads to study accelerator S&T Interns study “Fundamentals” at USPAS, undertake research project at the labs for ~2 mos in the summer ANL&FNAL selected 10 interns (2010) Committee chaired by E.Prebys 21 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Attendance numbers show that there is a steady interest in accelerator science FNAL Hosts US-PAS Office Two PAS sessions a year ~130 students/school Old Dominion Jan 2011 Stony Brook June 2011 UT-Austin Jan Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

US PAS Office and Fermilab Lecturers 23 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011 Nikolai Mokhov Panagiotis Spenzouris Elvin Harms Jim Amundson William Barletta Eric Prebys Arden Warner Don Cossairt Diane Reitrzner Mike Syphers Dave McGinnis Ralph Pasquinelli US-PAS Office (part of APC) William Barletta (Director) Susan Winchester Irina Novitskaya Teachers (recent)

Joint University-Fermilab Accelerator PhD Program 37 graduates since inception in 1987  M.Syphers was the 1st 19 graduates in  On average, slightly less than 1/yr 2 in 2010:  W.M.Tam (Indiana) “HINS H- Source and Diagnositics”  D.McCarron (IIT) “Booster Beam Impedance” 7 PhD students in the program now  Topics from technology to experiment to modeling Plan to expand by 1-2 students in  Typically, 4-6 applications per 6 mos cycle Committee, chaired by E.Prebys ( ) Tim MaxwellNIU Denise FordNorthwestern Nick EvansUT Austin Meghan McAteerUT Austin Sergey KoshelevRussia Sergey MironovRussia Arun SainiIndia 24 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011 Current students

Summary The Fermilab Accelerator Science program supports the development of tools and technologies required for future accelerator facilities on the energy and intensity frontiers  Well aligned with the OHEP strategic plan and associated Accelerator Science thrusts Over the past year, all elements of the KA Programs have shown significant progress:  Accelerator and Beam Physics  Advanced Accelerator R&D  Advanced Physics for Accelerator Operations  Education and Training Ambitious plans are set for the next several years 25 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Back up slides 26 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Fermilab Accelerator Science Program Elements Alignment with OHEP Thrusts Accelerator and Beam Physics  Development of beam optics and dynamics simulation and modeling tools (including large scale energy deposition simulations);  Theory of beam instabilities in current & future accelerator facilities;  Development of new techniques of beam-beam compensation;  Theory and experimentation on new collimation and cooling methods;  Experimental studies of e-cloud effects in high intensity proton facilities;  Development of new components for energy efficient accelerator concepts;  Experimental studies of ground motion effects in accelerators;  Beam studies at the LHC, Tevatron, Main Injector and Booster accelerators in support of optimizing performance of the LHC, Collider Run II, and current and future neutrino program;  Training of the next generation of accelerator scientists and engineers 27 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Fermilab Accelerator Science Program Elements Alignment with OHEP Thrusts Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory  Leadership of the US National Muon Accelerator Program (MAP) – which includes several Nat’l Labs and many University groups  Design concepts, and major subsystem simulations and technology demonstrations for muon-based facilities;  Strong cooperation with international partners and companies funded via the DOE Small Business Innovation Research program Beam Sources and Instrumentation  Together with ANL, establishment of the experimental AARD program at the NML User’s Facility;  Activities at the A0 Photoinjector, in collaboration with a variety of outside laboratories and universities (NIU);  High performance electron source and diagnostics development;  Development of phase-space beam manipulation methods 28 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Accelerator Science Collaborations Accelerator and Beam Physics:  Theory and Simulations: CERN, ORNL, BNL, SLAC, LBNL, ANL  Modeling: ComPASS collaboration (6 labs, UCLA, UM, USC, Tech-X) Advanced Accelerator R&D:  A0 Photoinjector: NIU(Joint Appointment), ANL, RadiaBeams  NML Facility: ANL, UC, Vanderbult U, SLAC, NIU Muon Accelerator Program:  National: 7 Labs, 8 Universities, Muons.,Inc (SBIR); Int’l: MICE collab  Joint Appointments with IIT, Imperial College (London) Physics Support of Operations:  CERN, LARP Education and Training in Accelerator Physics:  USPAS: 10 Labs and 2 Universities  Lee Teng Internship: joint with Argonne National Lab 29 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Accelerator Science Personnel Awards and Recognitions Wilson Prize  A. Tollestrup  H. Edwards National Medal of Technology  H. Edwards European Accelerator Prize  V. Shiltsev USPAS Prize  H. Edwards  S. Nagaitsev National Academy of Sciences – A. Tollestrup APS Fellows – A. Bross – H. Edwards – S. Geer – S. Holmes – N. Mokhov – S. Nagaitsev – D. Neuffer – V. Shiltsev – A. Tollestrup – V. Yarba 30 Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9, 2011

Tevatron Accelerator Physics: Special Issue Fermilab Institutional Review, June 6-9,