Shared Lives for Offenders? Professor Chris Fox Manchester Metropolitan University.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
© Social Finance, 2011PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL 1 Drug Rehabilitation and Payment by Results: The role of social investment 27 April 2011 Social Finance is.
Advertisements

Serving our communities, protecting them from harm Integrated Offender Management IOM Key Principles: All partners tackling offenders together Delivering.
Priority Youth Offender Project Alice Chapman Director Youth Conference Service Youth Justice Agency.
DRAFT Context The Transforming Rehabilitation (TR) Programme will transform the way we manage offenders in the community and which is designed to achieve.
Justice Reinvestment in the United Kingdom 30 th September 2013 Kevin Wong Deputy Director, Hallam Centre for Community Justice.
“Inspiring public confidence by cutting crime” Transforming Rehabilitation Information for East Sussex Partnerships January 2014 Mary D’Arcy Surrey and.
Does mentoring work? What the evidence tells us 25th June 2013.
Delivering the Tri-borough programme YOUTH OFFENDING SERVICE Combining services to tackle common problems, improve people’s lives and make public money.
Health needs in prison Abby Jones Health and Justice Team North West/ 09/12/13.
A guide to local services. Sacro’s mission is to promote safe and cohesive communities by reducing conflict and offending.
Salford Reducing Re-offending Programme Susan Puffett & Manjit Seale.
Breaking the Cycle Proposed reforms of the criminal justice system.
LEAVING PRISON AND HOUSING Introduction and Context.
Recent Changes to London Probation service and the London CRC’s response to the gang agenda Middlesex University Conference 5 th September 2014 Patsy Wollaston.
Learning and Skills Council Skills for Life Quality Initiative Leadership and Management Programme for the Probation Service Day 1.
NOMS Co-Financing Organisation Social Enterprise Consortia Building Procurement Round 2012 Bill Spiby (NOMS CFO Lead Manager – Corporate)
Adults and Communities Overview and Scrutiny Panel The Safer Doncaster Partnership (including an update on metal theft) 25 th June 2012.
A. Support for key statutory services Grants ProgrammesFunding CategoriesCriteria 2. Youth Work Chart of Grant Programmes, Funding Categories and Priority.
Integrated Offender Management & Drug Debt Intimidation © College of Policing Limited.
The criminal justice service: A guide for young people.
Payment by results Innovation pilots 11 August 2011.
Breaking the Cycle: Reducing Reoffending
Integrated Offender Management How Chaplaincy teams can work alongside other agencies to enable positive reintegration into communities.
Restorative Justice & The Probation Service
Persistent Offender Project Persistent Offender Project Joint Partnership between Glasgow Addiction Service & Strathclyde Police Funded by Glasgow Community.
The Northern Ireland Prison Service
Offender Health Exploring Alcohol Service Demand and Provision Linked to the London Criminal Justice System September 2010.
London Care and Support Forum
The New Inspection Framework The Multi agency arrangements for protecting children The multi-agency arrangements for the protection of children The multi-agency.
Southampton City Council Actions to Reduce Re-Offending through Skills and Employment Denise Edghill.
Commissioning for Culture, Health and Wellbeing Ian Tearle Head of Health Policy Directorate of Public Health, NHS Devon Wednesday 7 th March 2012.
Investing in the Future of Derbyshire. Housing Related Support Housing Support for Vulnerable People living in Derbyshire who are homeless or at risk.
1 GM Public Service Reform Complex Dependency April 2014.
Kelvin Doherty Assistant Director Youth Justice Agency Children England Annual Conference 27/2/2013.
Integrated Offender Management in Warwickshire Partners working together to reduce reoffending.
Adult Care Update since JSNA Changes Since Last Year The increase in the overall population of Derbyshire is well publicised with trend data on.
Creating a safe, just and democratic society Transforming Rehabilitation: A revolution in the way we manage offenders.
Mental health and criminal justice: current position and what needs to happen in the future Sean Duggan, Joint Chief Executive 13 th November 2010.
An outcome evaluation of three restorative justice initiatives delivered by Thames Valley Probation Wager, N a, O’Keeffe, C b., Bates, A c. & Emerson,
To examine the extent to which offenders with mental health or learning disabilities could, in appropriate cases, be diverted from prison to other services.
THE BIG DIVERSION PROJECT NORTH EAST Charlotte Winter – Project Manager North East Offender Health Commissioning Unit.
Manchester City Council - a Social Impact Bond
Thangam Debbonaire Respect Evaluation Project Manager (formerly Accreditation Project Officer) Perpetrator programmes.
Bunić Ana-Marija Križanac Anita. NATIONAL OFFENDER MENAGMENT SERVICE (NOMS) Her Majesty's Prison Service (HMPS) National Probation Service (NPS)
AS Level Law Machinery of Justice Sentencing. AS Level Law What you need to know and discuss: the need for a criminal justice system the main aims of.
(POST – TRIAL). The Act states that the sentencing judge is obliged to consider the following when sentencing:  Maximum penalty  Current sentencing.
Please note before delivering this presentation This slide pack can be adapted for local use by YOTs to meet local conditions and the local audience. It.
The criminal courts: Procedure and sentencing Sentencing.
Drugs and Criminal Justice in Scotland: Policy Overview Scottish Drugs Forum 15 September 2009.
Supporting voluntary organisations that work with offenders and their families Transforming Rehabilitation- what does it mean for prison.
Annys Darkwa Managing Director Vision Housing. Set up in January 2007 as a social enterprise Successful project in HMP East Sutton Park Now work pan-London.
National Offender Management Service Strategic Framework.
Developing a Strategic Approach Helen Attewell – Chief Executive, Nepacs Dr. Chris Hartworth – Barefoot Research Rob Brown – Head of Stronger Communities,
Making welfare reform as positive as possible for Salford residents Managing risk Going further with joining up Providing quality opportunities Chris Marsh.
WEST MIDLANDS REDUCING REOFFENDING STEERING GROUP Adrian McNulty, Operations Director SWM CRC and Chair of Steering Group. Chief Inspector Paul Betts,
The National Probation Service Who we are and what we do.
Partnership Work : HMP Risley & Thorn Cross Transforming Rehabilitation: Strategy for Reform.
Sentencing. Sentencing - General Underlying principle that there must be consistency in sentencing – similar crimes committed under similar circumstances.
1 Please note before delivering this presentation Your management board may ask you questions relating to the implications of the changes for YOT resources.
Young offenders. The Youth Court Young offenders between the age of 10 and 17 are dealt with in the Youth Court. Children under 10 cannot be charged with.
Presentation to Rother District Council Services Overview & Scrutiny Committee 28 th March 2011.
Stronger FamiliesPhase /15 Phase /20 Stronger Families Programme DCLG Troubled Families Programme Identifying, tracking and supporting.
Breaking the cycle: effective punishment, rehabilitation and sentencing of offenders Ministry of Justice Green Paper.
Sentencing of Young Offenders
Adult Sentencing.
Greater Manchester’s approach to justice reinvestment
Criminal Process General principles of sentencing of youths.
UK Drug Workers Annual National Conference 2009
Management and supervision of men convicted of sexual offences
Presentation transcript:

Shared Lives for Offenders? Professor Chris Fox Manchester Metropolitan University

Chris Fox Professor of Evaluation at Manchester Metropolitan University Director: Policy Evaluation and Research Unit Interests include: Criminal justice reform Payment by Results Social Innovation Young people’s economic and political participation Advisory roles Home Office Economic Research Advisory Group Ministry of Justice Evaluation Consultation Group Greater Manchester Reducing Re-offending Steering Group Advisor to Interserve (FTSE 250 company)

OverviewOverview The Criminal Justice System Offenders Opportunities for Shared Lives Commissioning

THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Custodial sentences Standard Determinate Sentences 12 months plus Half in community / half in prison License condition includes probation supervision Determinate Extended Sentences 48 months plus Judge sets length of time in prison and on license Imprisonment for Public Protection Parole hearing for release License is for 10 years Life imprisonment Tariff set by court Released on life license – sentence never revoked

Sentences which include supervision Community Order (Criminal Justice Act 2003) Compulsory (unpaid) work Participation in any specified activities Accredited programmes aimed at changing offending behaviour Prohibition from certain activities Curfew Exclusion from certain areas Residence requirement Mental health treatment (with consent of the offender) Drug treatment and testing (with consent of the offender) Alcohol treatment (with consent of the offender) Supervision Attendance Most common requirements in red

Reconviction rate The latest adult reconviction rate for adults discharged from custody or who start a court order is 36.2% reconvicted within 12 months (Ministry of Justice 2011) The reconviction rate for all custodial sentences is 44.8% (Ministry of Justice 2011) The reconviction rate custodial sentences less than 1 year is 56.8% The reconviction rate for Community Orders is 36.8% (Ministry of Justice 2011)

The rising prison population Total Prison Population (per 100,000) and Total Offences (per 100,000)

Cost of prison £45,000 per prisoner per year plus £170,000 to build and maintain each new place (Prison Reform Trust 2010) Total penal expenditure increased from £2.843bn in 1995 to £4.325bn in 2006 (all at 2006 prices) (Prison Reform Trust 2010) In it was £4.385bn

Cost of community sentence National Audit Office estimated that in 2008: A highly intensive 2 year community order, involving twice-weekly contact with a probation officer, 80 hours of unpaid work and mandatory completion of accredited programmes would cost £4,200 per offender. The estimated cost of a more typical one-year order involving probation supervision and drug treatment was £1,400. A six-week stay in prison cost, on average, £4,500

OFFENDERSOFFENDERS

PrisonersPrisoners Average age of those sentenced to custody in 2006 was 27 A quarter was aged 21 or under 30th June 2009: 7,532 prisoners aged over 50, including 1,999 aged between 60 and 69 and 539 over –30% of offenders have learning disabilities or difficulties that interfere with their ability to cope with the CJS 72% of male and 70% of female sentenced prisoners suffer from 2 or more mental health disorders. All figures from Prison Reform Trust (2010)

Short-term sentences Over 60,000 adults per year receive custodial sentences of less than 12 months On any given day they make up around 9% of all prisoners But account for some 65% of all sentenced admi Majority of short sentences are for 3 months or less (only 10%) are for more than six months. Therefore most serve less then 6 weeks as automatically released when they have served half their sentence National Audit Office 2009

Short term prisoners Short-sentenced prisoners are most commonly convicted of theft and violence offences. On average, they have 16 previous convictions (more than any other group of offenders). They are also more likely to re-offend than any other group leaving prison National Audit Office 2009

The problem Homelessness, unemployment, substance abuse, mental health and other problems affect short- sentenced offenders more than other prisoners and they are the group leaving prison most likely to re- offend, but: Unless they are 18 – 21 they receive no statutory supervision on release The majority spend 45 days or less in custody and wait, on average, for 26 days to get access to a resettlement activity National Audit Office 2009

OPPORTUNITIES FOR SHARED LIVES

Specified activity A ‘specified activity’ requirement in a community sentence West Yorkshire Probation Trust Pilot Rather than probation staff presenting pre- sentence report to court the court specifies one of 3 levels of punishment but doesn’t specify the actual elements of the sentence. Probation staff then assess offenders after sentencing to determine the activities which will be required as part of their community sentences.

Housing provision Housing regularly cited as a factor in re-offending for offenders leaving prison and on community sentence. Social Exclusion Unit (2002) Reducing Re-offending by Ex- Prisoners: “Research suggests that stable accommodation can make a difference of over 20 per cent in terms of reduction in reconviction.” Surveying Prisoner Crime Reduction (SPCR) 37% of all prisoners stated that they would need help finding a place to live when released. Of those offenders who needed help with finding a place to live after custody, 65% were reconvicted within one year of release, compared with 45% who did not feel they required help.

Vision Housing History Set up in January 2007 and pan- London A London-based housing charity and social enterprise. Set up by ex-offenders and many of the staff and volunteers involved are ex-offenders. Referrals come from local authorities, the prison service, probation trusts, third sector organisations and self-referral. Has housed and supported over 650 clients since Clients Clients typically have multiple problems including debt, substance misuse, domestic violence, involvement with gangs and poor mental and physical health. Vision Housing’s service starts with an offer of housing and it is often able to provide accommodation on the day of release. It provides housing and unlimited on-going support.

MethodologyMethodology The evaluation design compared expected re-offending rates after one year calculated using Offender Group Reconviction Scale (OGRS3) with actual reoffending rates after one year based on data from the Police National Computer (PNC). ‘Proven re-offending’ in line with MoJ definition: “[A]ny offence committed in a one year follow-up period and receiving a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning in the one year follow up or a further six months waiting period.” (Ministry of Justice 2011: 3) Analysis of 400 clients referred to Vision Housing between April 2011 and who had a previous conviction.

FindingsFindings Headline finding: Nine per cent reduction in one year re-offending rates for whole cohort. Profile of client group: Four fifths of client male and a fifth female. Almost half were aged between 20 and 29. At the point they were referred to Vision Housing average predicted reconviction rate of 41 per cent.

IOM builds on and expands current offender- focused programmes, such as PPO, MAPPA and DIP IOM provides a local framework for agencies to come together to ensure that the offenders whose crime causes most damage locally are targeted in a co-ordinated way, It manages a selected and locally defined cohort of offenders Regardless of whether they are under statutory supervision or not. Integrated Offender Management

“All partners tackling offenders together - local partners, both criminal justice and non- criminal justice agencies, encourage the development of a multi- agency problem-solving approach by focussing on offenders, not offences. Delivering a local response to local problems - all relevant local partners are involved in strategic planning, decision-making and funding choices. Offenders facing their responsibility or facing the consequences - offenders are provided with a clear understanding of what is expected of them. Making better use of existing programmes and governance - this involves gaining further benefits from programmes such as the PPO programme, DIP and Community Justice to increase the benefits for communities. This will also enable partners to provide greater clarity around roles and responsibilities. All offenders at high risk of causing serious harm and/or re-offending are ‘in scope’ - intensity of management relates directly to severity of risk, irrespective of position within the criminal justice system or whether statutory or non- statutory.” (Ministry of Justice 2010a) 5 IOM Principles

COMMISSIONINGCOMMISSIONING

MarketisationMarketisation “We will introduce a ‘rehabilitation revolution’ that will pay independent providers to reduce reoffending, paid for by the savings this new approach will generate within the criminal justice system.” (HM Government 2010 Coalition Agreement) “The Government … intends to use the scope provided by the 2007 Act to open significantly more probation services to competition, including some aspects of offender management.” (MoJ (2012) Punishment and Reform: Effective Probation Services)

Payment by results Payment by results “will link payment to the outcomes achieved, rather than the inputs, outputs or processes of a service” Cabinet Office (2011: 9) Payment by results allows the government to pay a provider of services on the basis of the outcomes their service achieves rather than the inputs or outputs the provider delivers.

Social Impact Bonds In PBR payment arises after outcomes are known, which might involve substantial time delays. Key challenge is that of raising working capital (Mulgan et al. 2010). The Social Impact Bond will be used to raise capital for social projects. A branch of national or local government will agree to pay for a measurable, social outcome and this prospective income is used to attract new funds to meet the up-front costs of the activity (Mulgan et al. 2010). The new funds could come from the public sector, the private sector or a social investor (ibid).

Potential benefits Greater Efficiency By focusing reward on outcomes, and providing minimal prescription on how these should be achieved PbR will drive greater efficiency in tackling social problems. Greater Innovation Focus on outcomes and reduced focus on commissioners ‘micro- managing’ delivery processes will encourage greater innovation. Transfer of risk and deferred payment PbR transfers risk away from the branch of government commissioning the service and towards the service provider. Payment is also deferred. New market entrants PbR can provide opportunities for new market entrants (particularly from the private and not-for-profit sectors) to enter the market for provision.

Community Budgets