The Progressive Era, Chapter 19

Organizing for Change The Changing Face of Politics –Progressivism – emergence of new concepts of the purposes and functions of government; changes in government policies and institutions; and the political agitation that produced those changes Spearheads of Reform: The Settlement Houses –Hull House (1889, Jane Adams & Ellen Starr) –Social Gospel – Applied Christianity

Women and Reform –Feminism –Muller v. Oregon (1908) Limited women’s hours of work –Woman Suffrage (Jeannette Rankin of Montana) Moral Reform –Prohibition (local option laws) ( not federally prohibited until the 18 th amendment in 1919) –Mann Act - also known as the White Slave Traffic Act, is a federal criminal statute that deals with prostitution and Child Pornography. Organizing for Change

Organizing Against Racism –Lynching – Lynching claimed more than 1100 lives between 1910 and World War I –NAACP (W.E.B. Du Bois) Challenging Capitalism: Socialists and Wobblies –Eugene V. Debs (Socialist Party of America (1901) –IWW(1905) – consisted of unskilled, semi-skilled, African Americans, southern sharecroppers, women workers, and immigrants from eastern and southern Europe, Organizing for Change

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The Reform of Politics and the Politics of Reform Exposing Corruption: The Muckrakers Lincoln Steffens – political corruption in city politics Ida Tarbell – Standard Oil Company Lewis Hines – Child labor Upton Sinclair – Meat packing industry –Pure Food and Drug Act –Meat Inspection Act

The Weakening of Parties and Rise of Organized Interest Groups –Initiative –Referendum –Recall The Reform of Politics and the Politics of Reform

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Roosevelt, Taft, and Republican Progressivism Roosevelt: Asserting the Power of the Presidency –Trustbusting – Northern Securities Company(1904); Intervened in Pennsylvania’s coal miners strike 1902; The Square Deal in Action: Coercing the Regulatory State Elkins Act 1903 – penalized railroads that paid rebates Hepburn Act 1906 – allowed the ICC to establish maximum railroad rates, also limited free passes, a practice considered bribery

Regulating Natural Resources –TR established 5 national parks 50 wildlife preserves Taft’s Troubles –More restrained than Roosevelt –Republican Party split Payne – Aldrich Tariff 1909 – retained high rates on most imports Conservation Dispute – Led to the firing of Gifford Pinchot Roosevelt, Taft, and Republican Progressivism

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Wilson and Democratic Progressivism Debating the Future: The Election of 1912 –Woodrow Wilson won presidency –Democrats won Congress (1910) Wilson and Reform, 1913 to 1916 –Wilson believed in active role for president in policymaking –Underwood Tariff 1913 – reduced tariffs significantly –Federal Reserve Act –Clayton Antitrust Act 1914 – prevented interlocking directorates (prevented individuals from sitting on multiple boards within the same industry)

New Patterns in Cultural Expression –Realism, Impressionism, and Ragtime –Mass Entertainment in the Twentieth Century –Celebrating the New Age Progressivism in Perspective –Transformation of American Politics and Government Wilson and Democratic Progressivism

Another Round of Reform and the Election of 1916 Wilson and Democratic Progressivism

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Progressivism in Perspective The Transformation of American Politics and Government

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