Visualising and Sharing Results in the BCLME Science-to-Governance IWC 7, Barbados, Oct 2013

Benguela Current Convention Area Development of a Convention (Principles) The cooperation, collaboration and sovereign equality principle; sustainable use and management of the marine resources; the precautionary principle; prevention, avoidance and mitigation of pollution; the polluter pays principle; and protection of biodiversity in the marine environment and conservation of the marine ecosystem.

Established Commission All structures and Functions, incl. Ministerial Conference, Management Board, Ecosystem Advisory Committee, Secretariat staff Technical Working Groups and Committees (Management Board)

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Economic valuation of extractive sectors in the BCLME Below are key sectors stakeholders recommended for the valuation exercise – this does not include ecosystem services; Fisheries – All three countries Marine recreational activities – Formalised activities mostly in Namibia and South Africa Mariculture – Namibia and South Africa Oil and gas – Oil explored and produced only in Angola – Namibia exploring natural gas and for oil offshore Coastal and seabed mining – Namibia and South Africa for diamonds – Emerging sector for marine phosphate mining – not valued. Desalination and Ports – not valued due to no data from stakeholders

Economic valuation of extractive sectors in the BCLME Below are key sectors stakeholders recommended for the valuation exercise – this does not include ecosystem services; Fisheries – All three countries Marine recreational activities – Mostly in Namibia and South Africa (not valued) Mariculture – Namibia and South Africa Oil and gas – Oil explored and produced only in Angola – Namibia exploring natural gas and for oil offshore Coastal and seabed mining – Namibia and South Africa for diamonds – Emerging sector for marine phosphate mining – not valued. Desalination and Ports – not valued due to no data from stakeholders

Economic valuation of extractive sectors in the BCLME Below are key sectors stakeholders recommended for the valuation exercise – this does not include ecosystem services; Fisheries – All three countries Marine recreational activities – Formalised activities mostly in Namibia and South Africa Mariculture – Namibia and South Africa Oil and gas – Oil explored and produced only in Angola – Namibia exploring natural gas and for oil offshore Coastal and seabed mining – Namibia and South Africa for diamonds – Emerging sector for marine phosphate mining – not valued. Desalination and Ports – not valued due to no data from stakeholders

Economic valuation of extractive sectors in the BCLME Below are key sectors stakeholders recommended for the valuation exercise – this does not include ecosystem services; Fisheries – All three countries Marine recreational activities – Formalised activities mostly in Namibia and South Africa Mariculture – Namibia and South Africa Oil and gas – Oil explored and produced only in Angola – Namibia exploring natural gas and for oil offshore Coastal and seabed mining – Namibia and South Africa for diamonds – Emerging marine phosphate mining – not valued. Desalination and Ports – not valued due to no data

Economic valuation of extractive sectors in the BCLME Below are key sectors stakeholders recommended for the valuation exercise – this does not include ecosystem services; Fisheries – All three countries Marine recreational activities – Formalised activities mostly in Namibia and South Africa Mariculture – Namibia and South Africa Oil and gas – Oil explored and produced only in Angola – Namibia exploring natural gas and for oil offshore Coastal and seabed mining – Namibia and South Africa for diamonds – Emerging sector for marine phosphate mining – not valued. Desalination and Ports – not valued due to no data from stakeholders

Science-to-Governance Science Output/ Outcome Proposed implementation Governance Output/ Outcome 1. SAP advocate for permanent mechanism for LME management -Develop and adopt Convention -Incorporate National transboundary priorities Ratified and implemented Convention Operational multi-sectorial Commission 2. Regional Oil Spill Risk Assessment and Coastal Sensitivity Mapping -Review and update national contingency plans and coastal sensitivity maps (CSM) -Develop and adopt Transboundary Oil Spill Response Plans Mitigation of negative effects from spills on LME – stress reduction and improve environmental status 3. Transboundary surveys of shared commercially important fish stocks -Map the distribution of shared fish stocks -Develop joint management plans to improve conservation and secure benefits Joint Management Plans Safeguarding of global biodiversity assets – thus livelihoods of people 5. Biodiversity mapping and identification of areas for improved conservation and protection of marine resources -Validate the proposed areas and endorse recommendations -Engage national processes to declare MPAs, closed seasons, etc. Declare the protected areas or implement closed seasons, etc.

ANGOLA NAMIBIA SOUTH AFRICA Northern boundary - Cabinda Southern boundary – Port Elizabeth Science identified the distribution of commercially important transboundary stocks: 1.Cape hakes, M. capensis and M. paradoxus 2.Cape monkfish, Lophius vomerinus 3.Cape horse mackerel, Trachurus capensis The proposed governance mechanisms; 1.Developing a management plan for the Orange River Mouth (ORM) area, and a Marine TFCA proposed offshore ORM by the Southern African Development Community; 2.BCC project to explore possibility of protecting the Cunene River Mouth (CRM); 3.Ang and Nam to do joint management plan for H. mackerel; 4.Nam and SA looking at whether hakes are one or separate stocks ORM CRM

Transboundary fish stock surveys Survey results are processed and analysed to recommend Total Allowable Catch (TAC) TAC recommendation based on 95% confidence limits Recommendations go to a National Advisory Council for approval, BUT with no social and economic analyses, purely scientific Recommendation accepted as is If not, back to scientist for more analysis and “new” recommendation TACs issued to companies and ready for fishing WHY IS IT SENT BACK? PERHAPS decision makers cannot translate science into social and economic benefits – they only hear about state of the stocks EXAMPLE

Back to the drawing board to include social and economic considerations – WHAT TO LOOK AT? Economic benefits Tax revenues GDP contribution Export earnings Number of jobs Total income to workers Marine Resources Fund Development goals (MDGs) Monetary value of ecosystem goods and services Are we progressing toward national development targets, e.g. conservation, job creation, education, etc. EXAMPLE Social benefits No of people with access to education No of people with access to health facilities No with secure incomes – food on the table, roof, clothes No of people trained or capacitated Poverty and unemployment reduction Local economic development through re- investment projects Conduct an economic and social valuation of the recommended TAC and consider what effect will this TAC have on the following… Are we progressing toward regional development targets and meeting regional obligations Are we addressing international obligations under conventions, protocols, etc.

Following the analyses, the technical team can propose more than 1 scenario for decision makers to consider – one idea to consider EXAMPLE Scenario 1 “Go Green” Scenario 1 “Go Green” Scenario 3 “Human-centered” Scenario 3 “Human-centered” Scenario 2 “Balancing Act” Scenario 2 “Balancing Act” Considers ONLY the sustainability of the resource with no increased social and economic benefits Not very popular at all Many times not regarded as pro development May – or may not – consider alternative conservation approaches but not recommend them, e.g. refugia, closed seasons, etc. Recognises the need for trade-offs and promotes a “conservation for development” approach Considers social and economic benefits beyond business as usual Balancing is tricky – needs to cater for short-term needs while ensuring long- term sustainability Recognises that populations are growing an so the demand for food “Get as much as you can and get out” approach Caused collapse of many fisheries around the world Can lead to over capitalisation of fishing sectors during boom and lot of debt during bust In absence of good income generating alternatives, NOT the way to go No conservation – the ocean will provide.

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Thank you! Muito Obrigado!