Dr. Chuck Neufeld Lander University Phonation Dr. Chuck Neufeld Lander University
Vocal Anatomy Phonation Theories Characteristics of Good Vocal Sound
Vocal Anatomy Laryngeal Functions Five Laryngeal Cartilages Hyoid Bone Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Laryngeal Functions Valve Sound Producer
Vocal Anatomy Laryngeal Functions Five Laryngeal Cartilages Hyoid Bone Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Five Laryngeal Cartilages Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Arytenoid Cartilage Corniculate Cartilage Epiglottis Lateral View
Five Laryngeal Cartilages Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Arytenoid Cartilage Corniculate Cartilage Epiglottis Note: Arytenoid and Corniculate cartilages are faint, because they are behind the outer shell of the Thyroid cartilage. Anterior (Front) View
Five Laryngeal Cartilages Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Arytenoid Cartilage Corniculate Cartilage Epiglottis Rear View
Five Laryngeal Cartilages Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Arytenoid Cartilage Corniculate Cartilage Epiglottis Anterior (Front) View
Five Laryngeal Cartilages Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Arytenoid Cartilage Corniculate Cartilage Epiglottis Sagital (Side, Cut Away) View
Thyroid Cartilage Houses Vocal Cords Also Known as Adam’s Apple Four Cornu (horns) Superior Cornu (2) Attach to Hyoid Bone Inferior Cornu (2) Attach to Cricoid Cartilage Form Articulation Joint for Rocking Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage Sits on Top of Highest Cartilage in Trachea Joined to Trachea With a Ligament Makes Complete Circle of Cartilage Upper Surface of Back Wall Point of Articulation for Arytenoids Arytenoids Slide on Surface Front Joined to Thyroid Cartilage by Cricothyroid Ligament
Arytenoid Cartilages (2) Sit on Top of Cricoid Cartilage Three Prongs One Projects Forward (Vocal Process--Attaches to Vocal Cords) One Projects Sideways (Muscular Process--Attaches to Interarytenoid Muscles) One Projects Upward (Apex--Fused to Corniculate Cartilage)
Corniculate Cartilages (2) Look Like Horns (Cornu) Also Named Cartilage of Santorini Fused to Apex of Arytenoid Cartilages
Cricoid, Arytenoid, and Corniculate Cartilages
Epiglottis Leaf-Shaped Cartilage Assists Valving Function of Larynx Attached by Ligament to Inside Surface of Thyroid Cartilage Extends Upward to Hyoid Bone and Base of Tongue During Swallowing Pulls Toward Back of Throat Moves Down Over Opening Keeps Food Out of Trachea
Vocal Anatomy Laryngeal Functions Five Laryngeal Cartilages Hyoid Bone Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Hyoid Bone U-Shaped Bone Attaches to Base of Tongue Opens Toward Back of Throat Above Larynx and Cricoid Cartilage
Hyoid Bone
Vocal Anatomy Laryngeal Functions Five Laryngeal Cartilages Hyoid Bone Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx Have Both Ends--Origin and Insertion--Inside the Larynx
Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx Seven Intrinsic Muscles Thyroarytenoid Muscles Cricothyroid Muscles Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscles Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscles Transverse and Oblique Arytenoid Muscles (Interarytenoids) Aryepiglottic Folds Thryohhyoid Muscles
Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx Cricothyroids (CT) Posterior Cricoarytenoids (P) Lateral Cricoarytenoids(LCA) Transverse Arytenoids (TA) Oblique Arytenoids(OA) Internal Thyroarytenoids (ITA) External Thyroarytenoids (ETA) CT P LCA TA OA CT ITA ETA
Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx Seven Intrinsic Muscles Thyroarytenoid Muscles Cricothyroid Muscles Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscles Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscles Transverse and Oblique Arytenoid Muscles (Interarytenoids) Aryepiglottic Folds Thryohhyoid Muscles
Vocal Anatomy Laryngeal Functions Five Laryngeal Cartilages Hyoid Bone Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Three Kinds of Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Supralaryngeal Muscles Infralaryngeal Muscles Constrictor Muscles
Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Supralaryngeal Muscles Tend to Pull Up on Larynx Help Stabilize Laryngeal Position Active in Swallowing, Chewing, Articulation Swallowing is Inherently Antagonistic to Phonation Sizeable Number of Muscles (Geniohyoid, Hyoglossus, Mylohyoid)
Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Infralaryngeal Muscles Tend to Pull Down on the Larynx and Hyoid Bone Help Stabilize Laryngeal Position Known as “Yawning” Muscles Sizeable Number of Muscles (Sternothyroid, Omohyoid, Sternohyoid) Prominent Role in Laryngeal Stabilization During Phonation
Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Constrictor Muscles Line Throat Assist in Swallowing (Peristolsis) Upper, Middle, and Lower Reduce the Size of the the Throat Create Tension in Laryngeal Area Lower Constrictors Merge with Two Laryngeal Muscles: Thryopharyngeus Cricopharyngeus
Vocal Anatomy Phonation Theories Characteristics of Good Vocal Sound
Phonation Theories One Old Theory: Neurochronaxic Theory of Husson Assigned Glottal Closure to Chronaxy of the Recurrent Nerve Discredited Nerves Cannot Fire With High Enough Degree of Rapidity to Support Phonation
Phonation Theories Two Major Modern Theories Myoelastic Theory Cords Remain Closed Until Pressure Pushes Them Apart Allows Air to Escape Reduces Pressure Muscle Tension Pulls Cords Back Together
Phonation Theories Aerodynamic Theory Breath Flows Through Glottis Arytenoid Cartilages Approximate Due to Interarytenoid Muscles Bernoulli’s Principle Applies Cords Vibrate Due to Changes in Air Pressure
Phonation Theories Myoelastic Theory Assigns Glottal Closure to Muscle Tension Aerodynamic Theory Assigns Glottal Closure to Bernoulli Principle BOTH Theories Apply (see Van den Berg)
Phonation Theories Anterior (front) view Vocalis Vibrates in Mucosal Wave Pattern Anterior (front) view
Vocal Anatomy Phonation Theories Characteristics of Good Vocal Sound
Characteristics of Good Vocal Sound Can you list the qualities of good sound?