Reading Political Cartoons: Vocabulary for Visual Rhetoric

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Presentation transcript:

Reading Political Cartoons: Vocabulary for Visual Rhetoric Iconic vs. Indexical Allusions Substitution Synecdoche Superimposition Fusion Juxtaposition Chiasmus Narrative Caricature Developed by Anne-Marie Womack for the Writing Programs Office Key Terms and Definitions Based on Walter Werner’s “Reading Visual Rhetoric: Political Cartoons”

An iconic sign resembles what it represents An iconic sign resembles what it represents. An indexical sign is established through convention. Consider Uncle Sam and George Washington. Which character is iconic? Which character is indexical?

George Washington is iconic. An iconic sign resembles what it represents. An indexical sign is established through convention. Consider Uncle Sam and George Washington. Which character is iconic? Which character is indexical? Uncle Sam is indexical. George Washington is iconic.

Indexical Signs: signs established through convention; Indexical Signs: signs established through convention; capable of changing over time In the 19th century, Mrs. Columbia was commonly used to represent the United States. Today, Uncle Sam is widely recognized as a representation of the United States.

Caricatures: iconic signs that exaggerate and distort Caricatures: iconic signs that exaggerate and distort for a certain effect Which features are exaggerated in each caricature? What message does each convey about George W. Bush?

Substitution: when a prominent visual element is used Substitution: when a prominent visual element is used to symbolize something visually absent Identify the issue. Identify the substitution. How does color function in the cartoon? What group would sympathize with this cartoon? What makes the cartoon amusing? At whose expense?

Superimposition: a word-on-image or image-on-image, Superimposition: a word-on-image or image-on-image, which creates a visual metaphor What metaphor is created by this superimposition? What role does scale play? What meanings are generated?

Fusion: two images are synthesized or merged into one, Fusion: two images are synthesized or merged into one, creating a visual metaphor What is the context? (Hint: World Cup) What two things/ideas are fused? What message is conveyed?

Synecdoche: a part represents the whole; consider what Synecdoche: a part represents the whole; consider what attributes this device highlights What 2 elements make up the synecdoche? What do the sheep represent? What text originally created this metaphor? What is the effect of the synecdoche? What does it highlight about Pope John Paul II?

Juxtaposition: placing binary opposites side by side to draw Juxtaposition: placing binary opposites side by side to draw attention to their differences What groups do the 2 men represent? How do you know this? How are the 2 men juxtaposed? How does the title work within the cartoon? What meanings are generated in the cartoon?

Chiasmus: transposing words (“crossing over”) to create a Chiasmus: transposing words (“crossing over”) to create a novel meaning out of a more commonly expected idea What is the initial meaning of the words? How are they altered? For what effect?

Narrative: a current event is linked to a future outcome, Narrative: a current event is linked to a future outcome, suggesting a narrative structure What is the current event? What is the implied outcome? What is highlighted in this progression? For what effect?

What cultural elements are present in these cartoons? Allusions: cartoonists often create analogies by drawing on a wide bank of cultural knowledge including art, literature, or popular sayings What cultural elements are present in these cartoons?

What cultural elements are present in these cartoons? Allusions: cartoonists often create analogies by drawing on a wide bank of cultural knowledge including art, literature, or popular sayings What cultural elements are present in these cartoons? TV Cartoon: Elmer Fudd History: Berlin Wall Board Game: Monopoly Nursery Rhyme: “Jack Sprat”

Putting it all together: What are the various elements in this political cartoon? What are their effects?

Writing Prompts for Cartoons Have students study the cartoon & write questions to answer in class discussion or in groups. How does this cartoon relate to the standard we are studying? Explain the symbolism in the cartoon. What is the theme or message of the cartoon?

Writing Prompts for Cartoons What groups would have agreed or disagreed with the cartoon’s message & why? Cartoon Analysis Worksheet Have students draw their own political cartoon related to a standard & have other students analyze it.

Works Cited Ares. “Not made in Berlin.” Cartoon. Best of Latin America: Cagle Cartoons. 3 Apr. 2006. July 31, 2006. www.cagle.com. Bennett, Clay. “Pope John Paul II.” Cartoon. The Christian Science Monitor Online. 4 Apr. 2005. Cagle Cartoons. Apr. 2005. 31 July 2006. www.cagle.com. Boldt, Thomas, “Tab”. “Supply and Demand.” Cartoon. The Calgary Sun. 14 March 2005. Cagle Cartoons. Mar. 2005. 31 July 2006. www.cagle.com. Breen, Steve. “Independence Day 2006.” Cartoon. San Diego News Tribune. 2 July 2006. Copley News. July 2006. 31 July 2006. https://www.copleynews.com/. Cagle, Daryl. “Buffett Donation.” Cartoon. MSNBC.com. 27 June 2006. Cagle Cartoon. June 2006. 31 July 2006. http://www.cagle.com/news/WarrenBuffett/main.asp. Cagle, Daryl. “Community Chest.” Cartoon. Daryl Cagle’s Professional Cartoonists Index 7 June 2007. MSNBC. 12 Apr. 2008 <http://www.cagle.com>. Cagle, Daryl. “Special 9-11: Nation Mourns.” Cartoon. MSNBC.com. 8 July 2005. Cagle Cartoons. July 2005. 31 July 2006. www.cagle.com. Cole, John. “Bush Caricature.” Cartoon. Cagle Cartoons. 2006. 31 July 2006. http://www.cagle.com/news/2005best/. Francisco, Manny. “World Football Fever.” Cartoon. Manila. 17 June 2006. Cagle Cartoons. June 2006. 31 July 2006. www.cagle.com. Johansson, Olle. “Bush Caricature.” Cartoon. Cagle Cartoons. 2006. 31 July 2006. Komarnitski, Christo. “Bush and Gay Marriage.” Cartoon. Cagle Cartoons. 6 June 2006. 31 July 2006. www.cagle.com. Lane, Mike. “Jack Stock Market and His Wife Big Oil.” Cartoon. Cagle Cartoons. 28 June 2006. 31 July 2006. www.cagle.com.

Works Cited Continued Lowe, Chad. “A Heartbeat Away from the Nuclear Button.” Cartoon. The South Florida Sun Sentinel. 14 Feb. 2006. Comics Page. Feb. 2006. 31 July 2006.http://www.comicspage.com/ comicspage/main.jsp?file=20060213edlow-ap.jpg&refresh_content=1&component_ id=3&custid=69&catid=1178&dir=%2Fchanlowe. Matson, R. J. “Bush Caricature.” Cartoon. Cagle Cartoons. 2006. 31 July 2006. http://www.cagle.com/news/2005best/. Nast, Thomas. “1863 Thanksgiving Day.” Cartoon. Harper's Weekly. 5 December 1863. Prints Old and Rare. 1999. 31 July 2006. http://www.printsoldandrare.com/thomasnast/. O’Ferrell, Vince. “Bush Caricature.” Cartoon. Cagle Cartoons. 2006. 31 July 2006. Parker, Jeff. “Bush Caricature.” Cartoon. Cagle Cartoons. 2006. 31 July 2006. Parker, Jeff. “Sick of Fat.” Cartoon. Florida Today. 22 July 2004. Cagle Cartoons. July 2006. 31 July 2006. www.cagle.com. Parker, Jeff. “Wage Gap.” Cartoon. Florida Today. 14 Apr. 2004. Cagle Cartoons. Apr. 2004. Payne, Henry. “Divorce Terms.” Cartoon. Right Wing Cartoon Watch Blue Herald. 14 Dec. 2006. 31 July 2006 <http://blueherald.com/2006/12/rightwing-cartoon-watch-12-14-06/>. Reynolds, Dan. “Cake Delivery.” Cartoon. Reynolds Unwrapped. 28 Nov. 2004. Cagle Cartoons. Nov. 2004. July 31, 2006. www.cagle.com. Werner, Walter. "Reading Visual Rhetoric: Political Cartoons." International Journal of Social Education. 18.1 (2003): 81-98. Wright, Larry. “Future of Network News.” Cartoon. The Detroit News. 6 Apr. 2006. Cagle Cartoons. Apr. 2006. 31 July 2006. www.cagle.com.