18.4
U.S. sent sophisticated warships to force Japan to open up trade During this time Japanese were getting upset with Shogun rule ◦ Strict laws, high taxes Reformers looked to the Emperor to return to his role as leader
Meiji Restoration-1868 rebels forced the shogun to step down ◦ Emperor returned to power calling his reign the Meiji or “enlightened rule” ◦ Supported by samurai realized they needed to modernize ◦ Set out to enrich the country and strengthen the military
Sent hundreds of Japanese to western countries to study government, industry, and military Stunned by several things ◦ Elected presidents. ◦ President dressed like average person ◦ Learned about steam power ◦ Lack of etiquette and honor
Defeated China in 1895 and won Korea, Taiwan and privileges in China 1905 defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War ◦ Shocked western countries that an Asian country beat a world power Gained raw materials they needed and respect
Believed in strict loyalty to the Emperor Saw the need to free Asian countries from western control Began to further invade China as protection from the west
During WWII Japan took control of Vietnam from the French ◦ U.S. responded by cutting off vital oil going to Japan While negotiating peace with the U.S., surprise attacked U.S. fleets at Pearl Harbor ◦ Intended to destroy U.S. military in the Pacific ◦ U.S. entered WWII
Japan started out with great success
August 6, 1945: the U.S. drops the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima ◦ Killing over 80,000 August 9, 1945: the U.S. drops the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki ◦ Killing over 40,000 August 14, 1945 the Japanese surrender