1 Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Williams, B.K, Stacy C. Sawyer (2007). Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computers & Communications. Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. ISBN-13:

2 Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : menjelaskan enam langkah dalam pengembangan sistem informasi (C2)

3 Outline Materi The purpose of a system Starting the project Six phases of systems analysis & design

10-4 Systems Development Organizations can make mistakes, and big organizations can make really big mistakes Murphy’s Law: Whatever can go wrong, will go wrong, and at the worst possible time A system –A collection of related components that interact to perform a task in order to accomplish a goal Systems Development – 6-phase process of gathering information about system requirements and using that to develop a new system that improves productivity Warning! Road Out!

10-5 Systems Development The three kinds of users of a project are: –Users The new system must ALWAYS be developed in consultation with the people who will be using the completed system –Management Managers within an organization should be consulted about the system, as they control the budget and resources –Technical staff The Information Systems or IT staff must be involved so they can make sure the technology is there

10-6 Systems Development Systems Analyst –An information specialist who performs systems analysis, design, and implementation –His or her job is to study the information and communications needs of an organization and determine what changes are needed to deliver better information to the people who need it

10-7 Systems Development The 6 phases of systems analysis & design are: 1.Preliminary investigation 2.Systems analysis 3.Systems design 4.Systems development 5.Systems implementation 6.Systems maintenance Information systems are frequently revised and upgraded Steps in the cycle often overlap

10-8 Systems Development Phase 1: Conduct a preliminary investigation –Conduct a preliminary analysis –Propose alternative solutions Interview people within the organization Study what competitors are doing Decide to leave the system as is, improve it, or develop a new system –Describe costs and benefits –Submit a preliminary plan with recommendations This should be a written report Get management approvals for next phase

10-9 Systems Development Phase 2: Analyze the system –Gather data Interview employees and managers Develop, distribute, analyze questionnaires Review current written documents Observe people and processes at work –Analyze the data Use system modeling tools, such as CASE tools Create a data flow diagram to show how data flows through the system –Write a report and get approvals for next phase Document how the current system works Document problems with the current system Describe the requirements for the new system

10-10 Systems Development Phase 3: Design the system –Notice that you don’t design the new system until you have done phase 2 since that establishes the requirements it must meet! –Do a preliminary design Often involves prototyping –Do a detail design, showing: Input requirements Output requirements Storage requirements Processing requirements System controls Backup –Write a report and get approvals for next phase

Systems Development 11

10-12 Systems Development Phase 4: Develop the system –Develop or acquire the software –Acquire and integrate the hardware –Test the system Unit testing Systems testing with both analysts and end-users End-user testing is critical, as they don’t know the software and will show the developers where they forgot something

10-13 Systems Development Phase 5: Implement the system –Choose a strategy to convert to the new system Direct implementation Parallel implementation Phased implementation Pilot implementation –Train the users Document the system Give classes or train the trainers

10-14 Systems Development Phase 6: Maintain the system –Perform periodic evaluations –Make changes to the system based on new conditions –Document those changes

15 Kesimpulan