Emotions and Emotional Intelligence Why Emotions were ignored in OB (Emotions = Intense feelings directed at someone or something) The “myth of rationality” However, organizations are not Emotion-free “Emotions of any kind are disruptive to performance” Initial OB focus was solely on the effects of strong negative emotions that interfered with individual and organizational efficiency. “ I view emotions as organizing processes that enable individuals to think and behave adaptively.” - Peter Salovey, Ph.D. Researcher in Emotional and Social Intelligence, Yale University.

Emotion and Performance EMOTION  MOTIVATION (Root Latin Verb is ‘motere’ ~ “to move”) Emotions Defined : Psychological and physiological episodes experienced toward an object, a person, or an event that create a state of readiness  influences performance  accumulates Emotional Intelligence Defined: …refers to a person’s abilities to perceive, identify, understand, and successfully manage emotions in oneself and in others…the ability to effectively manage ourselves and our relationships…

Affects  Emotions and Moods Affect = a broad range of feelings that we experience – in the form of Emotions or Moods Emotions (Intense feelings directed at someone or something) Caused by specific events Brief in duration (a few minutes) Distinct facial expressions Action-oriented Specific and numerous in nature (anger, fear, sadness, joy, surprise, hate, love etc.) Moods (Feelings that are less intense, lacking a contextual stimulus) Cause is often general/unclear Last longer than emotions (>hours) Generally no distinct expressions Cognitive in nature 2 dimensions – positive & negative (consisting of multiple emotions) Positive to Negative Affectivity Ratio should be > 2.9 (Marcial Losada)

Test Your Losada Ratio (Positivity Ratio.com) 0= very slightly; 1= a little; 2= moderately; 3= quite a bit; 4= very much Feelings & Emotions INTERESTED DISTRESSED EXCITED UPSET STRONG GUILTY SCARED HOSTILE ENTHUSIATIC PROUD Feelings & Emotions IRRITABLE ALERT ASHAMED INSPIRED NERVOUS DETERMINED ATTENTIVE JITTERY ACTIVE AFRAID

Affective Event Theory An event in the work environment triggers positive or negative emotional reactions  Personality and Mood determine intensity of response  Emotions can influence a broad range of work variables  There is an anatomy of a reaction (remember neural N/W?) EI – a Four-Step Process 1. An emotion comes up in your mind-space. 2. Emotions affect your thinking by directing your attention. 3. You ask yourself insight questions 4. Action step, i.e. you react.

Emotional Labor / Issues Emotional Labor: Effort, Planning and Control needed to express organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions.  It should be higher when the job requires frequent and long durations of display of emotions, or  intense and widely varying emotions. Emotional Labor Issues: - Difficult to hide true emotions, esp. Anger  Emotional Dissonance:  Conflict between true and required emotions  Potentially stressful with superficial acting  Less stressful with deep acting (with empathy)

Eight Families of Emotions 1. Anger: fury, outrage, resentment, exasperation, indignation, animosity, irritability, hostility, violence. 2. Sadness: grief, sorrow, gloom, melancholy, self-pity, loneliness, dejection, despair, depression. 3. Fear: anxiety, apprehension, nervousness, concern, consternation, wariness, dread, fright, terror, panic. 4. Enjoyment: happiness, joy, relief, contentment, delight, amusement, pride, thrill, rapture, gratification. 5. Love: acceptance, respect, friendliness, trust, kindness, affinity, devotion, adoration, infatuation. 6. Surprise: shock, astonishment, amazement, wonder. 7. Disgust: contempt, disdain, scorn, abhorrence, aversion, distaste, revulsion. 8. Shame: guilt, embarrassment, chagrin, remorse, humiliation, regret, mortification, contrition.

IQ EQ INTRA ORGANIZATIONAL SPREAD EQ IQ IQ cut off

Emotional Intelligence EI research accelerated: % Leadership competencies are EI-base Low EI  career issues for senior executives Higher the EI, Higher the QoL! EI can be learnt

Emotional Intelligence Model …and a hierarchy of its dimensions Self-awareness Understanding your own emotions, strengths, weaknesses, values, and motives. Self-management Controlling or redirecting our internal states, impulses, and resources. Social awareness Understanding of and sensitivity to the feelings, thoughts, and situation of others [EMPATHY…] …primarily, ability to understand others Relationship Management Managing other people’s emotions

Emotional Intelligence Model Competencies Framework Self-awareness - Emotional self-awareness - Accurate self-assessment - Self-confidence Social awareness - Empathy - Organizational awareness - Service orientation Self Management - Smooth self-control - Trustworthiness - Conscientiousness - Adaptability - Achievement orientation - Initiative - Optimism Relationship Management - Developing others - Influence - Inspirational leadership - Communication - Conflict management - Change catalyst - Bond building - Teamwork and collaboration Recognize Regulate Recognize Regulate SELF OTHERS Self Awareness is “THE CORE” of EI

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