The Developments of Online English Learning in China Frank Zhang WBLL CALL MOOCs

Online English learning in China From 1955, computer was used for education purpose. 2. From the begining of 1980s, language lab was established in some university in China. 3. In 1986 and 1987, some software for language learning was created. 4. In 1990s, Multimedia computer was widely used in college and university. Students can use comupter to listen English or watch English materials.

Computer assisted language learning 2 2 Definitions of CALL: □ Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) was the expression agreed upon at the 1983 TESOL convention. □ Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) : the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning □ Learner uses a computer and, as a result, improves his or her language

3 3 Online English learning in China 5. From 2000, Internet developed so fast that every university’s computers were linked to internet and students have different ways to learn English with the help of computer and internet. 6. From 2010, different devices are used for language learning such as computer, pad or mobilephone. Softwares and apps are abandunt in English learning, speaking, reading and writing.

4 4 □ materials are purpose-made for language learning □ Learner uses a computer and, as a result, improves his or her language Computer assisted language learning

5 5 Types of CALL Activities multiple-choice & true/false quizzes gap-filling exercise/cloze matching re-ordering/sequencing crossword puzzles games simulations writing & word-processing concordancing web quests/searching web publishing online communication (synchronous and asynchronous) Computer assisted language learning

6 6 The stages of CALL 1. Behavioristic CALL (from 1960s to 1970s): a behaviorist model of language learning based on habit formation, replicated the teaching techniques of structural linguistics and the audio- lingual method. 2. Communicative CALL (from the end of 1970s to 1990s): communicative use of the language rather than mastery of isolated forms. Computer assisted language learning

7 7 The stages of CALL 3. Cognitive CALL (from the early of 1990s to the middle of 1990s ): aimed to stimulate students' motivation, critical thinking, creativity, and analytical skills rather than merely the achievement of a correct answer or the passive comprehension of meaning. 4. Integrative CALL(from the middle of 1990s to ):Vygotskyan sociocultural model of language learning: interaction is regarded as essential for the creation of meaning. Computer assisted language learning

8 8 Current situation 1. In 2004, the Chinese Ministry of Education, for the first time, formally stated the role of the computer and networking in its revised College English Teaching Syllabus (CETS) which would be the guide for English teaching in mainland China. CALL in China

9 9 Current situation 2. From the 1990s, most of Universities and colleges establish their computer language lab for English learning. CALL in China

10 Current situation 3. There are many different kinds of computer software for students on listening, speaking, reading and writing. CALL in China

11 The software for CALL Software for learning vocabulary CALL in China

12 CALL in China Software for learning vocabulary 1.used on computer and they have different level of vocabulary learning from primary school to GRE, TOFEL. 2.provide for the learners the opportunity to review the words according to memorizing theory. 3.many different kinds of activities offered such as games, songs and movies. These are very helpful for learners to remember so many English words.

13 CALL in China Software for learning vocabulary 4. Effective for recording the learners' learning process and activate the learners' motivation. 5. offer the model sentences and even stories for the new words.

14 CALL in China The software for CALL Software for listening

15 CALL in China Software for listening 1. The listening materials are rich and the speed can be controlled by the learners. 2. Some of the software download their material from the internet. That means the learners can get the authentic materials. 3. There are translations and words explanations for difficult words.

16 CALL in China Software for speaking

17 CALL in China Software for speaking 1. Free for downloading and using for English learners. 2. Focus on training speaking in different ways. 3. Score learners’ pronunciation with comparison with the original one. 4. Check their pronunciation and improve it again and again.

CALL in China Software for speaking 5. learners can check the spectrum of their sound. 6. many other learning activities such as dictation of the sentences or words, sentence making. 7. The speaking materials can be downloaded from the internet or made by the learners. 8. The computer can record the learner's every steps of learning and assess their learning automatically. 18

19 CALL in China Challenge for CALL in China 1. Not every English learner has a computer. 2. It is difficult for English learners stay before the screen for long time. 3. Some learners are confused about the operation of the software without proper guidance.

20 Definition WBLL (web-based language learning) is language learning that involves the use of the Web and exploits Web materials, resources, applications or tools. Web-based langage learning

21 Three kinds of WBLL activities 1. pre-created Web activities 2. task-based Web activities 3. teacher-made Web activities Web-based langage learning

22 Four basic principles for feedback 1. comprehensible; 2. inform correctness/incorrectness; 3. explain why 4. give the direction of the correct response Web-based langage learning

23 An example Web-based langage learning

24 Something need to pay attention to 1. teachers to become active and critical Web users 2. materials should be offered more than simple online feedback 3. learning environment needs to be defined Web-based langage learning

25 Web-based language learning Web 2.0 language learning  User-generated content  Information sharing, collaborative and cooperative effort  Learner-to-learner and learner- to-instructor interactivity  Informal and formal learning

26 WBLL in China □ Web-based course provided by the profitable company □ Interaction between learners and instructors □ Learning activities are implemented on the web. □ More like the traditional classroom

27 WBLL in China ◇ web-based language learning is provided by public school. ◇ web-based courses for learners to study by themselves. ◇ all materials in the books and learners can do exercises by themselves. ◇ online test is given and the computer can give the result of the test

28 Mobile assisted langauge learning Definition Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL): ○ an approach to language learning ○ assisted or enhanced through the use of a handheld mobile device. ○ support students’ language learning with mobile technologies ○ access language learning materials and to communicate with their teachers and peers at any time, anywhere.

29 Mobile assisted langauge learning The relationship between CALL and MALL □ Mall is usually one kind of CALL □ Mobility and portability

30 MALL in China Please scan the QR code with any QR code reader app in your smartphone.

31 MALL in China ◇ Different tasks can be assigned to the students with wechat ◇ Student and student or student and teacher can communicate with each other with wechat

32 Massive Open Online Course What is MOOcs? ▲ online course ▲ aimed at large-scale interactive participation and open access via the web. ▲ interactive user forums ▲ recent development in distance education. ▲ free and open registration, publicly-shared curriculum, open- ended outcomes ▲ integrate social networking, accessible online resources, and are facilitated by leading practitioners in the field of study

33 Massive Open Online Course Types: xMOOC: ▲ relies on traditional education, ▲ broaden the number of students cMOOC: ▲ groups of people learning together ▲ blogs, learning communities, and social media platforms

34 MOOCs in China MOOCs In China’s university

35 MOOCs in China Something we need to concern ■ MOOCs are optional, traditional classroom is the main place for students to get knowledge ■ Students' expenditure on computer ■ Students‘ skills about computer use ■ Students self-discipline

36 Flipped Classroom Definition ■ typical lecture and homework elements of a course are reversed ■ active learning, student engagement, hybrid course design, and course podcasting ■ repurposing of class time into a workshop ■ teachers as coaches or advisors, students are encouraged in individual inquiry and collaborative learning

37 Flipped Classroom The Flipped Classroom is NOT: A synonym for online videos. About replacing teachers with videos. An online course. Students working without structure. Students spending the entire class staring at a computer screen. Students working in isolation.

38 Flipped Classroom in China Somebody who favors: ☆ new method and feel fresh ☆ personalized learning ☆ the change of the relationship between the teacher and students ☆ students will be activated with proper assessing

39 Flipped Classroom in China Somebody who concern: ◆ more burden for students ◆ financial burden for poor family ◆ traditional classroom setting ◆ students’ self-discipline ◆ assessment

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