A CADEMIC I NTEGRITY & P ROPER C ITATIONS Your librarian can help!

P RESENTATION O VERVIEW Refworks Why Cite? & Academic Integrity APA resources In-text citations Reference List: How to cite a scholarly article How to cite a news article How to cite a government report How to cite a book How to cite a website APA Formatting

E XPECTATIONS Establish a Refworks account and become familiar with basic workings Review an APA reference and identify type of source Proofread an APA citation and reference for proper use Basic familiarity with APA style Familiarity with APA resources

HTTP :// EZPROXY. VILLANOVA. EDU / LOGIN ?URL= HTTP :// WWW. REFWORKS. COM / REF WORKS

C REATE A FOLDER IN R EF W ORKS Create new folder.

W HY C ITE ? In scholarly research, readers must be able to go to the original source to verify the ideas and facts that you rely upon to make your argument. Your grade!

APA R ESOURCES American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 1 Publication manual of the American Psychological Association American Psychological Association. (2007). APA style guide to electronic references. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. APA style guide to electronic references APA Style Online Tutorial APA Style Blog Research & Documentation Online Purdue OWL - APA 1. All citation and formatting rules found in this presentation are from this source. Check this area of each slide for a page reference.

A CADEMIC I NTEGRITY & P LAGIARISM Your ideas supported by the research of others Paraphrase or direct quote Always cite ideas of others Readers can easily find ideas or facts referenced in your paper Copy & paste writing of others Weak paraphrasing does not alter the original author’s writing sufficiently Too many direct quotations No citations to ideas of others Improper citations Readers are unable to verify facts or ideas presented in your paper Scholarly ResearchPlagiarism

D EFINING & S OLVING P LAGIARISM Using another’s words without acknowledgement Solution: Use quotation marks or paraphrase and cite the source with in text citation Using another’s ideas without acknowledgement Solution: Thoroughly use in text citations to acknowledge work of others; If in doubt, cite! Insufficiently acknowledging the contributions of another’s ideas to your own research (i.e.-paraphrasing a paragraph but only citing a direct quote at the end) Solution: Thoroughly use in text citations to acknowledge work of others; If in doubt, cite! “I forgot I read that idea in that article, so I didn’t cite it.” Solution: Take good notes throughout the research process. A citation management tool like Refworks helps you stay organized. “I missed that reference when I went back through my first draft to add citations.” Solution: Note sources throughout notes, outlines, and drafts. Source: Fernandez, V. & Morro, J. (2011). How to write a college paper: A guide from the Villanova Writing Center. Pages How to write a college paper: A guide from the Villanova Writing Center

H OW TO P ARAPHRASE Be sure you understand the original text – you can’t summarize something you don’t understand! Take notes as you read, writing summaries of important points for your paper. Some students find note cards to be a useful note- taking/summarizing tool Set the original aside while you write your summary A paraphrase does not contain ANY phrases given in the original – completely your own words Should be your own voice, matching the rest of your paper

P ARAPHRASING Q UIZ hrase.htm

I N T EXT C ITATIONS Shyles (2002) notes that analog signals are continuous. Shyles’ 2002 study noted that analog signals are continuous. Analog signals are continuous (Shyles, 2002). Severin and Tankard (2001) claim… (Severin & Tankard, 2001) Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum (1957) found… (first time cited) Osgood et al. (1957) found… (subsequent citations) Osgood et al. found… (subsequent citations within same paragraph as above example) For more than 6 authors, cite only the first author followed by et al. and the year. One or Two AuthorsMultiple Authors APA Manual (p )

I N T EXT C ITATIONS A study by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC, 2004) states… (first citation) The FCC (2004) claims …(subsequent citations) Use first few words of the reference (typically the title) Double quotes around title of article, chapter or webpage; italicize title of periodical, book, or report This is an example (“Newspaper Article,” 2005). The book Examples (2007) states… Organizational AuthorNo Author APA Manual (p.176 – 177)

I N T EXT C ITATIONS D IRECT Q UOTATIONS Direct quotes from a source are enclosed in double quotation marks, with the page number given in parentheses at the end of the quote, before the period: Shyles (2002) claims that the Strowger switch “quickly became the backbone of the world’s telecommunication network” (p. 115). APA Manual (p. 92)

I N T EXT C ITATIONS D IRECT Q UOTATIONS Quotations of 40 words or more are presented in a block, without quotation marks, with the page number given in parentheses at the end, after the final period: Dickens (1859) stated: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going directly to Heaven, we were all going the other way. (p. 1) APA Manual (p. 92)

R EFERENCE L IST : F ORMATTING List references in alphabetical order. Include only works that have been cited in the text of your paper. Space evenly throughout. The first line of a citation should be flush left Indent all subsequent lines (5 spaces). References Berelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in communication research. In B. Berelson, and M. Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in Public Opinion and Communication (2 nd ed.), pp New York, NY: Free Press. Severin, W. J., and Tankard, J. W. (2001). Communication Theories: Origins, Methods, and Uses in the Mass Media. New York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman. Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering Cyberspace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

R EFERENCE L IST : S CHOLARLY A RTICLES [P ERIODICALS ] Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page – end page. Gitlin, T. (1978). Media sociology: The dominant paradigm. Theory and Society, 6, In Print p

R EFERENCE L IST : S CHOLARLY A RTICLES [P ERIODICALS ] Retrieved Online Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page – end page. doi: 1053/ Wang, Z., Lang, A., & Busemeyer, J. R. (2011). Motivational processing and choice behavior during television viewing: An integrative dynamic approach. Journal of Communication, 61, doi: /j x p

R EFERENCE L IST S CHOLARLY A RTICLES [P ERIODICALS ] Always leave names of authors in the order they are given. More than 7 authors: First 6 authors,…Last author. DOI not available: Retrieved from URL or name of database Journals paginated by issue: Include the issue number in parentheses Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 23 (2), p

First page of an article

Article Record from a Database

Always double-check! Automatically generate citations or export to Refworks.

R EFERENCE L IST N EWSPAPER A RTICLES Author, D. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title or headline of article. Title of the Newspaper, pp. SectionPage. “If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and separate the numbers with a comma (e.g., pp. B1, B3, B5- B7).” Bieply, M., & Barnes, B. (2011, March 1). Younger audience still eludes the Oscars. The New York Times, pp. C1, C7. Print Newspaper Article p. 200

R EFERENCE L IST N EWSPAPER A RTICLES Author, D. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title or headline of article. Title of the Newspaper. Retrieved from URL of the homepage *If no author is provided, begin with the title of the article, then the date. Bialik, C. (2011, February 26). Pollsters struggle for accurate picture of Mideast. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from Online Newspaper Article p. 200

R EFERENCE L IST G OVERNMENT R EPORTS Full Name of Department or Agency. (YEAR). Title of the report (ACRONYM Publication No. 1234). Retrieved from URL of the document United States Government Accountability Office. (2005). Independent media development abroad: Challenges exist in implementing U.S. efforts and measuring results (GAO ). Retrieved from GAOREPORTS- GAO /pdf/GAOREPORTS-GAO pdf p. 205

R EFERENCE L IST B OOKS Author, A.B. (YEAR). Title of the book. Location: Publisher. Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering cyberspace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. p. 202

R EFERENCE L IST B OOK C HAPTER Author, A.B. (YEAR). Title of chapter. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. beginpage – endpage). Location: Publisher. *For works retrieved online, include DOI if available, or if not available, use Retrieved from. Berelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in communication research. In B. Berelson, & M. Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in public opinion and communication (2 nd ed.), pp New York, NY: Free Press.

Catalog Record

R EFERENCE L IST W EBSITES Author, A. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title of page or document [Format description]. Retrieved from URL of site Basic Citation Variations Format description is only for unusual format types: Example format descriptions: Blog post, Twitter post, Facebook update, Press release The author could also be the publishing organization, if no person is named. Give as specific a date as possible. If no date is available, use the abbreviation (n.d.) for “no date.” Source: How to cite something you found on a website in APA style from the APA Style BlogHow to cite something you found on a website in APA styleAPA Style Blog

R EFERENCE L IST W EBSITES NBC Universal. (2011). About us. Retrieved from DeGeorges, T. (2011, February 25). I didn’t tape that, my TV alter-ego did [Blog post]. Retrieved from didnt-tape-that-my-tv-alter-ego-did/

F ORMATTING YOUR P APER Typed, double-spaced 1” margins on all sides 12 pt. Times New Roman font Include Running Head Four major sections: Title page Abstract Main Body References Source: Purdue OWLPurdue OWL

C ONCLUSION There are many more types of documents that you may need to cite in APA style. There are unusual situations you may encounter when preparing your reference list. When in doubt, check a trustworthy APA resource, or the publication manual itself. Reference librarians are available to help with APA citations. The Writing Center can help throughout the writing process, including APA formatting.Writing Center

C ONTACT M E Phone Chat Group & individual research appointments Stop by! Kristyna Carroll Research Support Librarian Learning Commons, Room APA Quiz: